NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 3 SET 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED A+ LATEST VERSION Cardiac Blood Flow - ANSWER>>o From body

NURS 5315: ADV PATHO EXAM 3 SET
1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS VERIFIED A+ LATEST
VERSION


Cardiac Blood Flow - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>o From
body

o Through:
♣ Vena cavas
♣ Right atrium
♣ Tricuspid valve
♣ Right ventricle
♣ Pulmonic valve
♣ Pulmonary artery

o To lungs
♣ Pulmonary vein
♣ Left atrium
♣ Mitral valve
♣ Left ventricle
♣ Aortic valve

,o Back to body

Cardiac Anatomy - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>The heart is
the size of a closed fist

2/3 of the heart is to the left of the midline
1/3 under the sternum

heart layers - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Endocardium (
inner)
myocardium ( middle)
Pericardium ( outer)

Cardiac action potential: phase 0 -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>rapid depolarization
Sodium influx d/t voltage-gated sodium channels
opening

Cardiac action potential: phase 1 -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>initial repolarization of cells
voltage gated sodium channels closed
voltage gated potassium channels open
Potassium leaves cell slowly

Cardiac action potential: phase 2 -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>plateau phase

, voltage gated calcium channels open
influx of calcium into the cell
balances potassium efflux
calcium influx triggers more calcium from
sarcoplasmic reticulum > myocardial contraction

Cardiac action potential: phase 3 -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Rapid Repolarization w/
potassium efflux
voltage gated potassium channels open
voltage gated calcium channels close

Cardiac action potential: phase 4 -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>resting membrane potential, -85
mV
High potassium permeability from the potassium
channels

Potassium imbalance affect on myocardial action
potentials - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Hypokalemia-
increased atrial preload leads to 1-3 degree blocks
Hyperkalemia-slows depolarization, leads to sunus
bradycardia and junctional rhythm

Calcium imbalance affect on myocardial action
potentials - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Hypocalcemia-
decreased contractility