1|Page
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR283 Test
Question Bank (Exam 1, Exam 2, Exam 3, Final
Exam, 300 Q/A): Pathophysiology | 100 %
Verified Answers with rationales , Already
Graded A+ 2024/2025 latest guaranteed pass[3
in 1]
1. What is the primary cause of cellular injury in hypoxia?
A. Protein denaturation
B. Lipid peroxidation
C. Decreased ATP production
D. Excessive free radical formation
Correct Answer: C. Decreased ATP production
Rationale: Hypoxia impairs oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, leading to decreased ATP
production, which is vital for cellular functions.
2. Which of the following is a hallmark of reversible cellular injury?
A. Nuclear fragmentation
B. Membrane rupture
C. Cellular swelling
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: Cellular swelling occurs due to ionic imbalances and water influx, which is an early and
reversible change in cell injury.
3. What type of necrosis is typically associated with myocardial infarction?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Fat
D. Caseous
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Correct Answer: A. Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis results from ischemia, causing protein denaturation and is commonly seen
in myocardial infarction.
4. Which condition is an example of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Allergic rhinitis
C. Contact dermatitis
D. Hemolytic anemia
Correct Answer: C. Contact dermatitis
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity involves T-cell mediated responses, such as in contact dermatitis or
tuberculin skin tests.
5. What is the primary cause of edema in congestive heart failure?
A. Increased capillary permeability
B. Lymphatic obstruction
C. Increased hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Correct Answer: C. Increased hydrostatic pressure
Rationale: Congestive heart failure leads to elevated venous pressure, increasing hydrostatic pressure,
which pushes fluid into interstitial spaces.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with metabolic alkalosis?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by hypokalemia due to potassium shifting into cells
and renal loss of potassium.
7. What is a key feature of acute inflammation?
A. Fibrosis
B. Angiogenesis
C. Neutrophil infiltration
D. Lymphocyte infiltration
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Correct Answer: C. Neutrophil infiltration
Rationale: Acute inflammation is characterized by the rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury
or infection.
8. Which of the following is the main characteristic of type I diabetes mellitus?
A. Peripheral insulin resistance
B. Beta-cell destruction
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Overproduction of insulin
Correct Answer: B. Beta-cell destruction
Rationale: Type I diabetes is an autoimmune condition leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells
and insulin deficiency.
9. What is the primary cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease?
A. Blood loss
B. Iron deficiency
C. Reduced erythropoietin production
D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: C. Reduced erythropoietin production
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease impairs erythropoietin production, which reduces red blood cell
formation in the bone marrow.
10. Which of the following is most commonly associated with venous thromboembolism?
A. Endothelial injury
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypoxemia
Correct Answer: A. Endothelial injury
Rationale: Virchow's triad (endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, and stasis) is central to the development
of venous thromboembolism.
Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hypoxia
B. Chemical injury from drugs
, 4|Page
C. Free radical-induced injury
D. Chemical injury from pollutants
- Correct Answer-A. Hypoxia
Which type of necrosis best describes death of a cell from hypoxia, generally as a result of ischemia in the
lower extremities?
A. Fat
B. Coagulative
C. Liquefactive
D. Gangrenous –
Correct Answer-D. Gangrenous
Which statement is TRUE with regard to cellular change due to aging?
A. The cellular changes are reversible.
B. DNA becomes less susceptible to injurious stimuli.
C. The cellular changes proceed slowly and in small increments.
D. Lipid, calcium, and plasma proteins are less likely to be deposited in vessel walls.
- Correct Answer-C. The cellular changes proceed slowly and in small increments.
Which term best describes an allele with an observable effect?
A. Carrier
B. Dominant
C. Recessive
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR283 Test
Question Bank (Exam 1, Exam 2, Exam 3, Final
Exam, 300 Q/A): Pathophysiology | 100 %
Verified Answers with rationales , Already
Graded A+ 2024/2025 latest guaranteed pass[3
in 1]
1. What is the primary cause of cellular injury in hypoxia?
A. Protein denaturation
B. Lipid peroxidation
C. Decreased ATP production
D. Excessive free radical formation
Correct Answer: C. Decreased ATP production
Rationale: Hypoxia impairs oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, leading to decreased ATP
production, which is vital for cellular functions.
2. Which of the following is a hallmark of reversible cellular injury?
A. Nuclear fragmentation
B. Membrane rupture
C. Cellular swelling
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: C. Cellular swelling
Rationale: Cellular swelling occurs due to ionic imbalances and water influx, which is an early and
reversible change in cell injury.
3. What type of necrosis is typically associated with myocardial infarction?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Fat
D. Caseous
,2|Page
Correct Answer: A. Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis results from ischemia, causing protein denaturation and is commonly seen
in myocardial infarction.
4. Which condition is an example of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Allergic rhinitis
C. Contact dermatitis
D. Hemolytic anemia
Correct Answer: C. Contact dermatitis
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity involves T-cell mediated responses, such as in contact dermatitis or
tuberculin skin tests.
5. What is the primary cause of edema in congestive heart failure?
A. Increased capillary permeability
B. Lymphatic obstruction
C. Increased hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Correct Answer: C. Increased hydrostatic pressure
Rationale: Congestive heart failure leads to elevated venous pressure, increasing hydrostatic pressure,
which pushes fluid into interstitial spaces.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with metabolic alkalosis?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by hypokalemia due to potassium shifting into cells
and renal loss of potassium.
7. What is a key feature of acute inflammation?
A. Fibrosis
B. Angiogenesis
C. Neutrophil infiltration
D. Lymphocyte infiltration
,3|Page
Correct Answer: C. Neutrophil infiltration
Rationale: Acute inflammation is characterized by the rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury
or infection.
8. Which of the following is the main characteristic of type I diabetes mellitus?
A. Peripheral insulin resistance
B. Beta-cell destruction
C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Overproduction of insulin
Correct Answer: B. Beta-cell destruction
Rationale: Type I diabetes is an autoimmune condition leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells
and insulin deficiency.
9. What is the primary cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease?
A. Blood loss
B. Iron deficiency
C. Reduced erythropoietin production
D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: C. Reduced erythropoietin production
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease impairs erythropoietin production, which reduces red blood cell
formation in the bone marrow.
10. Which of the following is most commonly associated with venous thromboembolism?
A. Endothelial injury
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypoxemia
Correct Answer: A. Endothelial injury
Rationale: Virchow's triad (endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, and stasis) is central to the development
of venous thromboembolism.
Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hypoxia
B. Chemical injury from drugs
, 4|Page
C. Free radical-induced injury
D. Chemical injury from pollutants
- Correct Answer-A. Hypoxia
Which type of necrosis best describes death of a cell from hypoxia, generally as a result of ischemia in the
lower extremities?
A. Fat
B. Coagulative
C. Liquefactive
D. Gangrenous –
Correct Answer-D. Gangrenous
Which statement is TRUE with regard to cellular change due to aging?
A. The cellular changes are reversible.
B. DNA becomes less susceptible to injurious stimuli.
C. The cellular changes proceed slowly and in small increments.
D. Lipid, calcium, and plasma proteins are less likely to be deposited in vessel walls.
- Correct Answer-C. The cellular changes proceed slowly and in small increments.
Which term best describes an allele with an observable effect?
A. Carrier
B. Dominant
C. Recessive
