©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
USAFA Philosophy 310 Final Exam
Questions And Correct Answers 100%
Verified.
GR1 -
For Aristotle, the fully brave person stands firm in the face of what sorts of dangers? -
Answer✔War
What des John Stuart Mill say is the "Ultimate sanction" of morality? - Answer✔Conscience
Which of the following is a formulation of Immanuel Kants categorical imperative? -
Answer✔Act only on a maxim that can be universalized without contradiction.
Which philosopher said the following: "Where there is no common power, there is no law:
where is no law, no justice"? - Answer✔Thommas Hobbs
Kant says that a person with a morally good will helps other because____. - Answer✔It is a
moral duty to help others
Why is Socrates on trial? - Answer✔He has been accused of not believing in the gods of the city.
Which philosopher said that in assessing our own happiness and the happiness of others we
"ought to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and a benevolent spectator"? -
Answer✔John Stuart Mill (Utilitarianism)
What is an argument the laws of the city (as personified by Socrates) offer on behalf of the
claim that Socrates has entered into an agreement with them, which cannot be broken? -
Answer✔Socrates has benefitted greatly from living under laws.
Which moral theory emphasizes the importance of relying on the emotions in discerning what
is morally best for us to do? - Answer✔Care Ethics
According to Aristotle, generous giving is an intermediate state between the defect of ___ and
the excess of ___. - Answer✔Ungenerosity/Wastefulness
What is the distinction between act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism? - Answer✔Act-
Utilitarianism: focuses on the actions that bring about the most happiness to the most people
Rule-Utilitarianism: rules set in place to help bring about the most happiness to the most
people in a long-term way
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
How might an Aristotelian, using the doctrine of the mean, characterize obedience as a virtue
(military)? - Answer✔Disobedience = vice (defect)
Obedience = virtue
Blind followership = Vice (excess)
Why does Immanuel Kant think it is wrong to make a false promise? - Answer✔Because of his
humanity equation: people should not treat others as a mere means + cannot universalize the
maxim "everyone should lie"
What would a moral objectivist say in response to what Thomas Hobbes says about the natural
condition of humankind or the "state of nature"? - Answer✔They would say morality exists
even without laws, Hobbes says morality only exists once laws are in place.
How would the care ethicist respond to the ethical egoist, who says that a person is under no
obligation to do anything except what is in his or her own interests? - Answer✔A care ethicist
would say that an individuals personal relations guide moral decisions. Thus, having empathy
and strong emotions towards others is necessary to help guide society in a moral direction.
Who said we ought to treat ourselves and others as a "ends" and not "merely as means" and
what does that mean? - Answer✔Emmanual Kant - treating someone as a mere means is like
treating someone like a coffee cup. If that cup breaks then you simply throw it away, which
should never be how someone is treated.
CHALLENGES OF MORALITY - Answer✔
Moral Relativism (Rachel) - Answer✔The view that there is no absolute or universal moral law
or truth, resulting in a morality determined by cultural factors or personal preference.
God and Morality - Answer✔
Egoism (Rachels) - Answer✔the tendency to see things in relation to oneself; self-centeredness
Moral Skepticism (Rachels) - Answer✔the denial of objective moral standards
Happiness and Immorality - Answer✔Cahn and Murphy
Moral Theories - Answer✔
Mill: Utilitarianism - Answer✔A correct decision is one that maximizes overall happiness and
minimizes overall pain, thereby producing the greatest net benefit
Mill: Utility - Answer✔The thing that causes the most good to happen for the permanent
improvement of mankind
Mill: Moral Motivation - Answer✔
Contemporary Utilitarianism (Driver) - Answer✔4 common objections to utilitarianism
2|Page
USAFA Philosophy 310 Final Exam
Questions And Correct Answers 100%
Verified.
GR1 -
For Aristotle, the fully brave person stands firm in the face of what sorts of dangers? -
Answer✔War
What des John Stuart Mill say is the "Ultimate sanction" of morality? - Answer✔Conscience
Which of the following is a formulation of Immanuel Kants categorical imperative? -
Answer✔Act only on a maxim that can be universalized without contradiction.
Which philosopher said the following: "Where there is no common power, there is no law:
where is no law, no justice"? - Answer✔Thommas Hobbs
Kant says that a person with a morally good will helps other because____. - Answer✔It is a
moral duty to help others
Why is Socrates on trial? - Answer✔He has been accused of not believing in the gods of the city.
Which philosopher said that in assessing our own happiness and the happiness of others we
"ought to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and a benevolent spectator"? -
Answer✔John Stuart Mill (Utilitarianism)
What is an argument the laws of the city (as personified by Socrates) offer on behalf of the
claim that Socrates has entered into an agreement with them, which cannot be broken? -
Answer✔Socrates has benefitted greatly from living under laws.
Which moral theory emphasizes the importance of relying on the emotions in discerning what
is morally best for us to do? - Answer✔Care Ethics
According to Aristotle, generous giving is an intermediate state between the defect of ___ and
the excess of ___. - Answer✔Ungenerosity/Wastefulness
What is the distinction between act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism? - Answer✔Act-
Utilitarianism: focuses on the actions that bring about the most happiness to the most people
Rule-Utilitarianism: rules set in place to help bring about the most happiness to the most
people in a long-term way
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
How might an Aristotelian, using the doctrine of the mean, characterize obedience as a virtue
(military)? - Answer✔Disobedience = vice (defect)
Obedience = virtue
Blind followership = Vice (excess)
Why does Immanuel Kant think it is wrong to make a false promise? - Answer✔Because of his
humanity equation: people should not treat others as a mere means + cannot universalize the
maxim "everyone should lie"
What would a moral objectivist say in response to what Thomas Hobbes says about the natural
condition of humankind or the "state of nature"? - Answer✔They would say morality exists
even without laws, Hobbes says morality only exists once laws are in place.
How would the care ethicist respond to the ethical egoist, who says that a person is under no
obligation to do anything except what is in his or her own interests? - Answer✔A care ethicist
would say that an individuals personal relations guide moral decisions. Thus, having empathy
and strong emotions towards others is necessary to help guide society in a moral direction.
Who said we ought to treat ourselves and others as a "ends" and not "merely as means" and
what does that mean? - Answer✔Emmanual Kant - treating someone as a mere means is like
treating someone like a coffee cup. If that cup breaks then you simply throw it away, which
should never be how someone is treated.
CHALLENGES OF MORALITY - Answer✔
Moral Relativism (Rachel) - Answer✔The view that there is no absolute or universal moral law
or truth, resulting in a morality determined by cultural factors or personal preference.
God and Morality - Answer✔
Egoism (Rachels) - Answer✔the tendency to see things in relation to oneself; self-centeredness
Moral Skepticism (Rachels) - Answer✔the denial of objective moral standards
Happiness and Immorality - Answer✔Cahn and Murphy
Moral Theories - Answer✔
Mill: Utilitarianism - Answer✔A correct decision is one that maximizes overall happiness and
minimizes overall pain, thereby producing the greatest net benefit
Mill: Utility - Answer✔The thing that causes the most good to happen for the permanent
improvement of mankind
Mill: Moral Motivation - Answer✔
Contemporary Utilitarianism (Driver) - Answer✔4 common objections to utilitarianism
2|Page
