Straighterline PSY101 FINAL EXAM STUDY
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
CORRECT
neurons - ✔✔a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
glial cells - ✔✔cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
cell body - ✔✔Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the
cytoplasm
dendrites - ✔✔Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
axon - ✔✔the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through
which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
myelin sheath - ✔✔fatty layer that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed
neural impulses
resting potential - ✔✔The difference in electric charge between the inside and
outside of a neuron's cell membrane; neg inside, pos outisde
action potential - ✔✔a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an
axon
,all or nothing principle - ✔✔The principle that once the electrical impulse reaches a
certain level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon
without losing any intensity.
synapses - ✔✔tiny gaps between dentrites and axons of different neurons
Neuraltransmitters - ✔✔transmit, or carry, information across the synaptic gap to the
next neuron
Acetylcholine (ACh) - ✔✔stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action
of muscles, learning, and memory
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔degenerative brain disorder that involves a decline in
memory, have an acetylcholine deficiency
GABA - ✔✔a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
decreased GABA levels - ✔✔lead to anxiety
glutamate - ✔✔exciting many neurons to fire and is especially involved in learning
and memory
norepinephrine - ✔✔inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but
it excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract
dopamine - ✔✔control voluntary movement and affects sleep, mood, attention,
learning, and the ability to recognize rewards in the environment
, seratonin - ✔✔involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, attention, and learning
endorphins - ✔✔natural opiates that mainly stimulate the firing of neurons; block
pain & increase pleasure
oxytocin - ✔✔hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the
experience of love and social bonding
agonist - ✔✔A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
antagonist - ✔✔drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects
brain lesioning - ✔✔abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from
injury or disease
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - ✔✔records the brain's electrical activity
hindbrain - ✔✔medulla, pons, cerebellum; located at skull's rear
thalamus - ✔✔relays info b/w lower and higher brain centers
hypothalamus - ✔✔governs eating, drinking, and sex; plays a role in emotion and
stress
reticular formation - ✔✔a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important
role in controlling arousal & stereotyped patterns
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
CORRECT
neurons - ✔✔a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
glial cells - ✔✔cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
cell body - ✔✔Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the
cytoplasm
dendrites - ✔✔Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
axon - ✔✔the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through
which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
myelin sheath - ✔✔fatty layer that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed
neural impulses
resting potential - ✔✔The difference in electric charge between the inside and
outside of a neuron's cell membrane; neg inside, pos outisde
action potential - ✔✔a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an
axon
,all or nothing principle - ✔✔The principle that once the electrical impulse reaches a
certain level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon
without losing any intensity.
synapses - ✔✔tiny gaps between dentrites and axons of different neurons
Neuraltransmitters - ✔✔transmit, or carry, information across the synaptic gap to the
next neuron
Acetylcholine (ACh) - ✔✔stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action
of muscles, learning, and memory
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔degenerative brain disorder that involves a decline in
memory, have an acetylcholine deficiency
GABA - ✔✔a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
decreased GABA levels - ✔✔lead to anxiety
glutamate - ✔✔exciting many neurons to fire and is especially involved in learning
and memory
norepinephrine - ✔✔inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but
it excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract
dopamine - ✔✔control voluntary movement and affects sleep, mood, attention,
learning, and the ability to recognize rewards in the environment
, seratonin - ✔✔involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, attention, and learning
endorphins - ✔✔natural opiates that mainly stimulate the firing of neurons; block
pain & increase pleasure
oxytocin - ✔✔hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the
experience of love and social bonding
agonist - ✔✔A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
antagonist - ✔✔drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects
brain lesioning - ✔✔abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from
injury or disease
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - ✔✔records the brain's electrical activity
hindbrain - ✔✔medulla, pons, cerebellum; located at skull's rear
thalamus - ✔✔relays info b/w lower and higher brain centers
hypothalamus - ✔✔governs eating, drinking, and sex; plays a role in emotion and
stress
reticular formation - ✔✔a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important
role in controlling arousal & stereotyped patterns
