BCAT Exam Questions With Well Elaborated Solutions
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive reinforcement? - ANSWER -
ADD pleasant stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Negative reinforcement? - ANSWER
-Remove aversive stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive punishment? - ANSWER -
ADD aversive stimulus to Decrease behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of negative punishment? - ANSWER -
Remove stimulus to decrease behavior
What is an unconditioned (primary) reinforcer? - ANSWER -INNATELY
reinforcing stimulus; unlearned; fulfills basic needs
What is a conditioned (secondary) reinforcer? - ANSWER -Learned reinforcer;
neutral stimulus gained reinforcing properties by being paired with something
What is 3-term contingency? - ANSWER -ABC = Antecedent, Behavior,
Consequence
What are important when considering the effectiveness of possible reinforcers? -
ANSWER -1) Deprivation
2) Satiation
What is discriminative stimulus? - ANSWER -refers to a stimulus that is present
when a particular response will be reinforced.
What is Stimulus delta? - ANSWER -refers to a stimulus that is present when a
particular response will not be reinforced
, What is Stimulus Discrimination Training? - ANSWER -SDT is reinforcing the
correct/desired response AND putting the incorrect re. on extinction
Explain stimulus control? - ANSWER -Stimulus control refers to when responses
are more likely to occur due to the presence, rather than the absence, of the
discriminative stimulus.
What does Discrete Trial Training consist of? - ANSWER -Break down skills into
smaller teachable parts
Teach each skill component until mastery
Intensive teaching sessions
Use of and fading of prompts when necessary
Increase skills through reinforcement strategies
Instructor-lead
In the 3-term contingency, what makes a good Antecedent? - ANSWER -
Performed by instructor
clear, concise, consistent
In the 3-term contingency, describe "Behavior". - ANSWER -Performed by
consumer
Can either be correct or incorrect
In the 3-term contingency, what does the "Consequence" consist of? - ANSWER -
Performed by the instructor,the Consequence involves either the reinforcement or
correction of the behavior
Discrete Trial is also known as? - ANSWER -Learn Unit (LU)
Inter-trial interval refers to? - ANSWER -The time between the end of one trial
and the beginning of the next
Describe Natural Environment Training (NET). - ANSWER -Consumer-lead
,Capture and contrive moments to teach them skills in their natural environment.
What is key in Fluency-Based Training? - ANSWER -The fluid combination of
accuracy and speed to reflect skill competency are important in this concept.
Give two examples of Fluency-based training. - ANSWER -SAFMEDS (Say all
fast minute each day shuffle)
Tacts
What are several ways to conduct a Preference Assessment? - ANSWER -Ask the
person what they prefer
Ask the caregivers what the person prefers
Watch them during leisure time
Trial-based preference assessments
Describe Preference Assessment. - ANSWER -Used to identify potential
reinforcers that can be used to motivate behavior; and it should be conducted
daily/everyday because known motivators may not always work
What is a 'Prompt'? - ANSWER -Prompts are an antecedent stimulus used to
occasion a correct response
What is the idea of Most-to-Least Prompting? - ANSWER -Intervention style
beginning with the most intrusive-physical prompt and transition to the least
intrusive prompt
What is the Time-Delay prompt? - ANSWER -A method of intervention in which,
over-time, the time between the instruction and prompt is lengthened
What is Errorless learning? - ANSWER -Typically used when learning a new
skill, this method of intervention ensures a correct response by providing the
prompt immediately after instruction
, How is the Backward Chaining procedure in a task-analysis conducted? -
ANSWER -The instructor completes all of the steps except the last, where then the
consumer will themself will complete
How is the Forward Chaining procedure in a task-analysis conducted? -
ANSWER -The consumer performs the first step, the the instructor completes the
rest.
How is the Total-task Chaining procedure in a task-analysis conducted? -
ANSWER -Consumer has the opportunity to complete all steps independently,
instructor prompts as needed
What is Shaping? - ANSWER -Reinforcing successive approximations to a
terminal behavior (in other words, reinforcing responses that are
similar/approximate to the desired-terminal behavior)
Describe Alternative & Augmentative Communication? - ANSWER -Alternative:
any communication that replaces verbal speech
Augmentative: any communication that supplements verbal speech
What form of communication is used to get the consumers' needs met? -
ANSWER -Functional Communication
What are the Four Verbal Operants/ behaviors? - ANSWER -Tact
Intraverbal
Mand
Echoic
Which verbal operant is the most complex to teach? - ANSWER -Intraverbal
What is another term for the verbal operant "tact"? - ANSWER -Label
Does the verbal operant "Tact" only refer/apply to tangible objects? - ANSWER -
No
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive reinforcement? - ANSWER -
ADD pleasant stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Negative reinforcement? - ANSWER
-Remove aversive stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive punishment? - ANSWER -
ADD aversive stimulus to Decrease behavior
What is being done in the ABA principle of negative punishment? - ANSWER -
Remove stimulus to decrease behavior
What is an unconditioned (primary) reinforcer? - ANSWER -INNATELY
reinforcing stimulus; unlearned; fulfills basic needs
What is a conditioned (secondary) reinforcer? - ANSWER -Learned reinforcer;
neutral stimulus gained reinforcing properties by being paired with something
What is 3-term contingency? - ANSWER -ABC = Antecedent, Behavior,
Consequence
What are important when considering the effectiveness of possible reinforcers? -
ANSWER -1) Deprivation
2) Satiation
What is discriminative stimulus? - ANSWER -refers to a stimulus that is present
when a particular response will be reinforced.
What is Stimulus delta? - ANSWER -refers to a stimulus that is present when a
particular response will not be reinforced
, What is Stimulus Discrimination Training? - ANSWER -SDT is reinforcing the
correct/desired response AND putting the incorrect re. on extinction
Explain stimulus control? - ANSWER -Stimulus control refers to when responses
are more likely to occur due to the presence, rather than the absence, of the
discriminative stimulus.
What does Discrete Trial Training consist of? - ANSWER -Break down skills into
smaller teachable parts
Teach each skill component until mastery
Intensive teaching sessions
Use of and fading of prompts when necessary
Increase skills through reinforcement strategies
Instructor-lead
In the 3-term contingency, what makes a good Antecedent? - ANSWER -
Performed by instructor
clear, concise, consistent
In the 3-term contingency, describe "Behavior". - ANSWER -Performed by
consumer
Can either be correct or incorrect
In the 3-term contingency, what does the "Consequence" consist of? - ANSWER -
Performed by the instructor,the Consequence involves either the reinforcement or
correction of the behavior
Discrete Trial is also known as? - ANSWER -Learn Unit (LU)
Inter-trial interval refers to? - ANSWER -The time between the end of one trial
and the beginning of the next
Describe Natural Environment Training (NET). - ANSWER -Consumer-lead
,Capture and contrive moments to teach them skills in their natural environment.
What is key in Fluency-Based Training? - ANSWER -The fluid combination of
accuracy and speed to reflect skill competency are important in this concept.
Give two examples of Fluency-based training. - ANSWER -SAFMEDS (Say all
fast minute each day shuffle)
Tacts
What are several ways to conduct a Preference Assessment? - ANSWER -Ask the
person what they prefer
Ask the caregivers what the person prefers
Watch them during leisure time
Trial-based preference assessments
Describe Preference Assessment. - ANSWER -Used to identify potential
reinforcers that can be used to motivate behavior; and it should be conducted
daily/everyday because known motivators may not always work
What is a 'Prompt'? - ANSWER -Prompts are an antecedent stimulus used to
occasion a correct response
What is the idea of Most-to-Least Prompting? - ANSWER -Intervention style
beginning with the most intrusive-physical prompt and transition to the least
intrusive prompt
What is the Time-Delay prompt? - ANSWER -A method of intervention in which,
over-time, the time between the instruction and prompt is lengthened
What is Errorless learning? - ANSWER -Typically used when learning a new
skill, this method of intervention ensures a correct response by providing the
prompt immediately after instruction
, How is the Backward Chaining procedure in a task-analysis conducted? -
ANSWER -The instructor completes all of the steps except the last, where then the
consumer will themself will complete
How is the Forward Chaining procedure in a task-analysis conducted? -
ANSWER -The consumer performs the first step, the the instructor completes the
rest.
How is the Total-task Chaining procedure in a task-analysis conducted? -
ANSWER -Consumer has the opportunity to complete all steps independently,
instructor prompts as needed
What is Shaping? - ANSWER -Reinforcing successive approximations to a
terminal behavior (in other words, reinforcing responses that are
similar/approximate to the desired-terminal behavior)
Describe Alternative & Augmentative Communication? - ANSWER -Alternative:
any communication that replaces verbal speech
Augmentative: any communication that supplements verbal speech
What form of communication is used to get the consumers' needs met? -
ANSWER -Functional Communication
What are the Four Verbal Operants/ behaviors? - ANSWER -Tact
Intraverbal
Mand
Echoic
Which verbal operant is the most complex to teach? - ANSWER -Intraverbal
What is another term for the verbal operant "tact"? - ANSWER -Label
Does the verbal operant "Tact" only refer/apply to tangible objects? - ANSWER -
No
