Cluster20B Readings for Final Exam Questions & Answers.
Smedley, Audrey and Brian D. Smedley. 2012. Changing Perspectives on Human
Variation in Science. Pg 289-306 in Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a
Worldview - > -The emergence of new scientific positions on race that conflicted with older
views. Soon, scientists began to see race as more of social construction separate from
science.
-Race is a social construction based on phenotype
Kaplan, Karen. 2005. Ancestry in a Drop of Blood. LA Times - > -Rules for membership for
various Native American tribes vary in terms of how much Native American "blood" a
person must have to justify them as a true Native American.
-"to define someone by blood quantum is the very definition of racism"
Podcast: Red and Black DNA, Blood, Kinship and Organizing, The HenceForward - > -
Black white binary cannot accommodate indigenous for native racialization
-Red and black are different in terms of whiteness and upholding white state
Lipsitz, George. 1995.
The Possessive Investment in
Whiteness. American Quarterly - > -Whiteness: an unmarked category/advantage
producing unfair gains for whites
-systemic racism through discriminatory housing/education policies (Federal Housing Act
policies segregated housing, discriminatory housing market)
-New Deal: excluded farm workers/domestics from benefits
Harris, Cheryl I. 1993. Whiteness as Property. Harvard Law Review: 1707-1791 - > -
Whiteness evolved into a form of property that persists
-Whiteness causes social benefits in both public and private sphere
-some legislation, in the past, has legitimized these benefits ie: Plessy V. Ferguson's
"separate but equal" doctrine
Brenda Stevenson, "Slavery Across Time and Place Before the Atlantic Slave Trade,"
Chapter 1 in What is Slavery - > Idea that there's always been slavery, but racial aspect
was new. Unifying characteristic of slavery is resistance across time and place.
, Paul Finkleman, "Making a Covenant with Death:
Slavery and the Constitutional Convention." - > -Rhetoric within the Constitution that
disguises the language of slavery/ultimately protected the institution
-3/5 rule
Brenda Stevenson, "Slavery and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America," Chapter 4 in What
is Slavery - > -Stevenson argues how the status of Black women as slaves has affected
their gendered images.
-Black female slaves were called "mammy" and "jezebel"
Gary Okihiro, "West and East," Chapter 1 in Common Ground: Reimagining American
History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), pp.3-27 - > -Orientalism: the
representation of Asia as passive, superstitious, culturally static, and feminine as opposed
to the West which was portrayed as active, rational, culturally dynamic, and masculine.
-idea of the West as the Nation's frontier.
Angel Island Poetry, 1910. - > -Immigration station on Angel Island in the Bay. Potential
immigrants, most from China were detained there in dehumanizing condition.
-some Chinese carved powerful poems into the barracks walls, vowing revenge for the
personal and national humiliation they faced.
Tomás Almaguer, "They Can Be Hired in Masses;
They Can Be Managed and Controlled Like Unthinking Slaves," Chapter 6 in Racial
Faultlines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California (Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1994), pp.153-82 - > -discusses how People v. Hall ruled that Chinese
immigrants shared the "second-class" social status with African Americans and Native
Americans, making them ineligible for citizenship.
-Chinese women were seen as hypersexual and readily available to white men/seen as
prostitutes in the eyes of white men.
-1965 Immigration & Nationality Act (Hart-Cellar Act) helped to end racial discriminatory
practices
Jacqueline Jones, "Freed Women?: The Civil War and Reconstruction." - > -discusses the
sexualization of African American women at the time and stereotypes
Smedley, Audrey and Brian D. Smedley. 2012. Changing Perspectives on Human
Variation in Science. Pg 289-306 in Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a
Worldview - > -The emergence of new scientific positions on race that conflicted with older
views. Soon, scientists began to see race as more of social construction separate from
science.
-Race is a social construction based on phenotype
Kaplan, Karen. 2005. Ancestry in a Drop of Blood. LA Times - > -Rules for membership for
various Native American tribes vary in terms of how much Native American "blood" a
person must have to justify them as a true Native American.
-"to define someone by blood quantum is the very definition of racism"
Podcast: Red and Black DNA, Blood, Kinship and Organizing, The HenceForward - > -
Black white binary cannot accommodate indigenous for native racialization
-Red and black are different in terms of whiteness and upholding white state
Lipsitz, George. 1995.
The Possessive Investment in
Whiteness. American Quarterly - > -Whiteness: an unmarked category/advantage
producing unfair gains for whites
-systemic racism through discriminatory housing/education policies (Federal Housing Act
policies segregated housing, discriminatory housing market)
-New Deal: excluded farm workers/domestics from benefits
Harris, Cheryl I. 1993. Whiteness as Property. Harvard Law Review: 1707-1791 - > -
Whiteness evolved into a form of property that persists
-Whiteness causes social benefits in both public and private sphere
-some legislation, in the past, has legitimized these benefits ie: Plessy V. Ferguson's
"separate but equal" doctrine
Brenda Stevenson, "Slavery Across Time and Place Before the Atlantic Slave Trade,"
Chapter 1 in What is Slavery - > Idea that there's always been slavery, but racial aspect
was new. Unifying characteristic of slavery is resistance across time and place.
, Paul Finkleman, "Making a Covenant with Death:
Slavery and the Constitutional Convention." - > -Rhetoric within the Constitution that
disguises the language of slavery/ultimately protected the institution
-3/5 rule
Brenda Stevenson, "Slavery and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America," Chapter 4 in What
is Slavery - > -Stevenson argues how the status of Black women as slaves has affected
their gendered images.
-Black female slaves were called "mammy" and "jezebel"
Gary Okihiro, "West and East," Chapter 1 in Common Ground: Reimagining American
History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), pp.3-27 - > -Orientalism: the
representation of Asia as passive, superstitious, culturally static, and feminine as opposed
to the West which was portrayed as active, rational, culturally dynamic, and masculine.
-idea of the West as the Nation's frontier.
Angel Island Poetry, 1910. - > -Immigration station on Angel Island in the Bay. Potential
immigrants, most from China were detained there in dehumanizing condition.
-some Chinese carved powerful poems into the barracks walls, vowing revenge for the
personal and national humiliation they faced.
Tomás Almaguer, "They Can Be Hired in Masses;
They Can Be Managed and Controlled Like Unthinking Slaves," Chapter 6 in Racial
Faultlines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California (Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1994), pp.153-82 - > -discusses how People v. Hall ruled that Chinese
immigrants shared the "second-class" social status with African Americans and Native
Americans, making them ineligible for citizenship.
-Chinese women were seen as hypersexual and readily available to white men/seen as
prostitutes in the eyes of white men.
-1965 Immigration & Nationality Act (Hart-Cellar Act) helped to end racial discriminatory
practices
Jacqueline Jones, "Freed Women?: The Civil War and Reconstruction." - > -discusses the
sexualization of African American women at the time and stereotypes
