The Complete Guide to C Programming: From Basics to Advanced

All-in-One C Programming Notes
Introduction to C
C is a powerful, general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis
Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs. Known for its efficiency and control, C is widely used
in systems programming, embedded systems, and application development.

Key Features:

 Procedural Language
 Low-level memory access
 Portable and efficient
 Basis for many modern languages like C++, Java, and Python



C Setup
To start coding in C, you need:

 A text editor (e.g., VS Code, Sublime Text)
 A C compiler (e.g., GCC, Clang)

Steps:

1. Install a C compiler.
2. Write a program in a .c file.
3. Compile using gcc filename.c.
4. Execute the generated binary file.



Syntax and Structure of C
C programs follow a specific structure:

#include <stdio.h> // Preprocessor directive

, int main() { // Entry point of the program
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0; // Exit status
}

Key Points:

 Every program starts with main().
 Use #include to include standard libraries.
 Statements end with a semicolon ;.



Variables and Data Types in C
Variables store data, and data types define the type of data a variable can hold.

Basic Data Types:

 int: Integer
 float: Floating-point number
 char: Character
 double: Double-precision floating-point number

Example:

int age = 25;
float salary = 50000.50;
char grade = 'A';


Operators in C
Operators perform operations on variables and values.

Types of Operators:

1. Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %