2024/2025|NURS 6501-Advanced
Pathophysiology Quiz 1|2024-2025
Newest update|Recently testing real
exam questions|COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|already graded A+
How are cells specialized? - ✔✔through the process of differentiation or
maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - ✔✔movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔the plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - ✔✔Cellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - ✔✔the largest membrane-
bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of
the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
1|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,What is Cytoplasm? - ✔✔an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - ✔✔a
network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer
nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and
lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - ✔✔a network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is
responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ✔✔saclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are
responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - ✔✔involved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - ✔✔The major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
2|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, What are mitochondria responsible for? - ✔✔. Mitochondria contain the
metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - ✔✔the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal
skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules
and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - ✔✔encloses the cell and, by controlling the
movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
What is signal transduction? - ✔✔The transfer of molecular signals from the
exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - ✔✔protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is
composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown
or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - ✔✔on the plasma membrane, enable the cell
to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
Pathophysiology Quiz 1|2024-2025
Newest update|Recently testing real
exam questions|COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|already graded A+
How are cells specialized? - ✔✔through the process of differentiation or
maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - ✔✔movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔the plasma
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - ✔✔Cellular injury causing
cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - ✔✔the largest membrane-
bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of
the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
1|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,What is Cytoplasm? - ✔✔an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - ✔✔a
network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer
nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and
lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - ✔✔a network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is
responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ✔✔saclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are
responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - ✔✔involved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - ✔✔The major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
2|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, What are mitochondria responsible for? - ✔✔. Mitochondria contain the
metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - ✔✔the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal
skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules
and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - ✔✔encloses the cell and, by controlling the
movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
What is signal transduction? - ✔✔The transfer of molecular signals from the
exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - ✔✔protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is
composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown
or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - ✔✔on the plasma membrane, enable the cell
to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
3|Page
©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
