Red Hat System Administration II Exam With 100%
Verified Solutions
The GUID Partition Table GPT partitioning scheme # The GPT partitioning scheme also
includes additional feature and advantages beyond MBR. A GPT uses a globally unique
identifier GUID for every disk and partition. A GPT renders the partition table redundant,
with a primary GPT at the head of the disk and a backup secondary GPT at the end of the
disk. A GPT uses a checksum to detect errors in the GPT header and partition table. -
ANSWER The Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme is the standard on
systems that run BIOS firmware. This scheme supports up to four primary partitions
maximum. On Linux systems, if you set up extended and logical partitions, you can have
up to 15 partitions. With a 32-bit partition size, disks that are partitioned with MBR can
have a size of up to 2 TiB. The 2 TiB disk and partition size limit is now a common and
restrictive limitation. Consequently, the legacy MBR scheme is superseded by
____________. It is the standard for disk partitioning and addresses the limitations of the
MBR scheme, provideing a maximum of 128 partitions. The scheme reserves 64 bits for
logical block addresses, thus allowing partitions and disks of up to eight zebibytes (ZiB)
or eight billion tebibytes (TiB).
Bash shell script - ANSWER An executable file containing a series of commands,
possibly including some programming logic to control decision-making in an overall
task.
the #! notation # This notation is an interpreter directive that specifies which command
interpreter along with any optional command options are required to process the
remaining lines in the file. For regular Bash syntax script files, this would be the first line
in the file containing: #! /usr/bin/bash - ANSWER The first line of a Bash shell script
starts with ____________. Execute permission needs to be set for a shell script file to be
executed like an ordinary command. Use chmod to change the file permissions. If it is
necessary, use the chown command to set execute permissions just for certain users or
groups. If the script resides in a directory that is included in the PATH environmental
variable for the shell, then you can execute the shell script by typing its name alone as
you would to execute compiled commands. If a script is not in a PATH directory then
execute the script using its absolute path name, which may be found by querying the file
with the which command. Alternatively, run a script in your current working directory by
using the.
,directory prefix, typically./scriptname.
globbing (file name pattern matching) and shell expansion;
command and variable substitution # Variable substitution is semantically identical to
command substitution, but may use optional brace syntax. - ANSWER Use double
quotes to suppress ____________, yet permit __________/.
for VARIABLE in LIST; do
COMMAND VARIABLE
done
# Whatever you name it is up to your discretion. In most cases you will refer to the
variable value via commands within the command block. The string list for the for loop is
taken from a listing provided directly by the user or supplied via shell expansion, such
as variable, brace or filename expansion or command substitution.
#
# ex: for HOST in host1 host2 host3; do echo $HOST; done - ANSWER Bash for-loop
syntax exit # Use the exit command with an optional integer argument between 0 and
255, which represents an exit code. An exit code is returned to a parent process to
indicate the status at exit. An exit code value of 0 represents a successful script
completion with no errors. All other nonzero values indicate an error exit code. The
script programmer defines these codes. Use different values to indicate different error
conditions that may occur. The termination status of the last command which
terminated is always stored in the special variable $?. When a script's exit is invoked
without an argument the calling shell returns the exit status of the last command
executed in the script. ANSWER After a script interprets and processes all of its
content, the script process exits and passes control back to the parent process that
called it. However, a script can be exited before it finishes such as when the script
encounters an error condition.
Use the ____________ command to immediately leave the script, and skip processing the
remainder of the script.
test Perform testing with various operators for greater than gt, greater than or equal ge,
less than lt, less than or equal le, and for the equality eq of one number towards another.
Use operators to test if a string of text is equal (= or ==) or not equal (!=) to another
string of text, or if the string has zero length (z) or non-zero length (n). You can also test
,if a regular file (-f) or directory (-d) exists and some special attributes, such as if the file
is a symbolic link (-L) or if the user has read permissions (-r); [ <TESTEXPRESSION> ] or
the newer extended test command syntax, [[ <TESTEXPRESSION> ]] # In most cases you
should be using the [[ ]] syntax. - ANSWER To avoid that scripts are too easily
disrupted by unexpected conditions, it is a good practice to check input to commands
like command-line arguments, user input, command substitutions, variable expansions
and filename expansions. You can check integrity in your scripts by using the Bash
____________ command.
All commands produce an exit code on completion.
To get the exit status, display the $? variable immediately after running the command.
An exit status of 0 means an exit with no news being good news, whereas nonzero
return values indicate some condition or failure occurred. Or, write tests using the Bash
command syntax, ____________, which supports things like file name globbing and regex
pattern matching.
if <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
fi - ANSWER The if/then syntax
if <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
else
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
fi - ANSWER The if/then/else syntax
, if <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
elif <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
else
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
fi - ANSWER Expand an if/then/elif/else syntax
-E;
E - ANSWER There are two forms of regular expressions. They are called basic regular
expressions and extended regular expressions. One of the differences between basic
and extended regular expressions regards the behavior of the |, +,?, (, ), {, and } special
characters. In basic regular expression form these characters do not have any special
meaning unless prefixed with a backslash \\\\ character.
In extended regular expression syntax, these characters are special unless they are
preceded by backslash \\ character.
There are also some other minor differences in the interpretation of ^, $ and *
characters.
The grep, sed and vim commands support basic regular expressions. The grep
command ____________ option, sed command ____________ option, and less commands
support extended regular expressions.
-i;
-v;
Verified Solutions
The GUID Partition Table GPT partitioning scheme # The GPT partitioning scheme also
includes additional feature and advantages beyond MBR. A GPT uses a globally unique
identifier GUID for every disk and partition. A GPT renders the partition table redundant,
with a primary GPT at the head of the disk and a backup secondary GPT at the end of the
disk. A GPT uses a checksum to detect errors in the GPT header and partition table. -
ANSWER The Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme is the standard on
systems that run BIOS firmware. This scheme supports up to four primary partitions
maximum. On Linux systems, if you set up extended and logical partitions, you can have
up to 15 partitions. With a 32-bit partition size, disks that are partitioned with MBR can
have a size of up to 2 TiB. The 2 TiB disk and partition size limit is now a common and
restrictive limitation. Consequently, the legacy MBR scheme is superseded by
____________. It is the standard for disk partitioning and addresses the limitations of the
MBR scheme, provideing a maximum of 128 partitions. The scheme reserves 64 bits for
logical block addresses, thus allowing partitions and disks of up to eight zebibytes (ZiB)
or eight billion tebibytes (TiB).
Bash shell script - ANSWER An executable file containing a series of commands,
possibly including some programming logic to control decision-making in an overall
task.
the #! notation # This notation is an interpreter directive that specifies which command
interpreter along with any optional command options are required to process the
remaining lines in the file. For regular Bash syntax script files, this would be the first line
in the file containing: #! /usr/bin/bash - ANSWER The first line of a Bash shell script
starts with ____________. Execute permission needs to be set for a shell script file to be
executed like an ordinary command. Use chmod to change the file permissions. If it is
necessary, use the chown command to set execute permissions just for certain users or
groups. If the script resides in a directory that is included in the PATH environmental
variable for the shell, then you can execute the shell script by typing its name alone as
you would to execute compiled commands. If a script is not in a PATH directory then
execute the script using its absolute path name, which may be found by querying the file
with the which command. Alternatively, run a script in your current working directory by
using the.
,directory prefix, typically./scriptname.
globbing (file name pattern matching) and shell expansion;
command and variable substitution # Variable substitution is semantically identical to
command substitution, but may use optional brace syntax. - ANSWER Use double
quotes to suppress ____________, yet permit __________/.
for VARIABLE in LIST; do
COMMAND VARIABLE
done
# Whatever you name it is up to your discretion. In most cases you will refer to the
variable value via commands within the command block. The string list for the for loop is
taken from a listing provided directly by the user or supplied via shell expansion, such
as variable, brace or filename expansion or command substitution.
#
# ex: for HOST in host1 host2 host3; do echo $HOST; done - ANSWER Bash for-loop
syntax exit # Use the exit command with an optional integer argument between 0 and
255, which represents an exit code. An exit code is returned to a parent process to
indicate the status at exit. An exit code value of 0 represents a successful script
completion with no errors. All other nonzero values indicate an error exit code. The
script programmer defines these codes. Use different values to indicate different error
conditions that may occur. The termination status of the last command which
terminated is always stored in the special variable $?. When a script's exit is invoked
without an argument the calling shell returns the exit status of the last command
executed in the script. ANSWER After a script interprets and processes all of its
content, the script process exits and passes control back to the parent process that
called it. However, a script can be exited before it finishes such as when the script
encounters an error condition.
Use the ____________ command to immediately leave the script, and skip processing the
remainder of the script.
test Perform testing with various operators for greater than gt, greater than or equal ge,
less than lt, less than or equal le, and for the equality eq of one number towards another.
Use operators to test if a string of text is equal (= or ==) or not equal (!=) to another
string of text, or if the string has zero length (z) or non-zero length (n). You can also test
,if a regular file (-f) or directory (-d) exists and some special attributes, such as if the file
is a symbolic link (-L) or if the user has read permissions (-r); [ <TESTEXPRESSION> ] or
the newer extended test command syntax, [[ <TESTEXPRESSION> ]] # In most cases you
should be using the [[ ]] syntax. - ANSWER To avoid that scripts are too easily
disrupted by unexpected conditions, it is a good practice to check input to commands
like command-line arguments, user input, command substitutions, variable expansions
and filename expansions. You can check integrity in your scripts by using the Bash
____________ command.
All commands produce an exit code on completion.
To get the exit status, display the $? variable immediately after running the command.
An exit status of 0 means an exit with no news being good news, whereas nonzero
return values indicate some condition or failure occurred. Or, write tests using the Bash
command syntax, ____________, which supports things like file name globbing and regex
pattern matching.
if <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
fi - ANSWER The if/then syntax
if <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
else
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
fi - ANSWER The if/then/else syntax
, if <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
elif <CONDITION>; then
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
else
<STATEMENT>
.
<STATEMENT>
fi - ANSWER Expand an if/then/elif/else syntax
-E;
E - ANSWER There are two forms of regular expressions. They are called basic regular
expressions and extended regular expressions. One of the differences between basic
and extended regular expressions regards the behavior of the |, +,?, (, ), {, and } special
characters. In basic regular expression form these characters do not have any special
meaning unless prefixed with a backslash \\\\ character.
In extended regular expression syntax, these characters are special unless they are
preceded by backslash \\ character.
There are also some other minor differences in the interpretation of ^, $ and *
characters.
The grep, sed and vim commands support basic regular expressions. The grep
command ____________ option, sed command ____________ option, and less commands
support extended regular expressions.
-i;
-v;
