NSG 331 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
A nurse assess a pt w/ renal calculi and expects to find what
clinical manifestations?
a. Polyuria and fever
b. Vomiting and flank pain
c. Hematuria and dirrhea
d. Abdominal pain and constipation Correct Answers b.
Vomiting and flank pain.
In addition to severe flank pain and possible abdominal pain,
N/V are associated w/ renal calculi b/c the nerves that innervate
the kidneys also serve the stomach.
Constipation, polyuria and diarrhea are not associated w/ renal
calculi.
Sometimes these pt's may experience abdominal pain and fever.
They may also have hematuria.
A nurse caring for a pt w/ type 1 DM encourages pt to exercise
regular as part of DM mgmt. What precautions should the pt
take when exercising? Select all that apply.
a. Exercise after meals
b. Have a warm-up and cool-down period
c. Avoid carb snacks during exercise
d. Carry glucose tabs or hard candies when exercising.
e. Avoid exercise if blood glucose is equal to 120 mg/dL
Correct Answers a. Exercise after meals
,b. Have a warm-up and cool-down period
d. Carry glucose tabs or hard candies when exercising.
The nurse should inform the pt to exercise 1 hr after meals when
blood sugar levels are rising. The exercise program should be
started gradually and increased slowly, with a warm-up and
cool-down period. Pt's using meds are at risk for hypoglycemia
when exercising and should always carry a fast-acting source of
carbs or eat a small carb snack Q 30 mins when exercising. If
blood glucose is less than or equal to 100 mg/dL, the pt should
retest blood glucose after a 15-g carb snack. The pt should
exercise if glucose levels increase after 15-30 mins.
A nurse is caring for a pt w/ DKA. The pt is on a continuous
short-acting insulin infusion and receiving a continuous infusion
of normal saline. The nurse understands that insulin causes an
intracellular shift of K, H2O, and glucose to move into the
intracellular space. The nurse has several things to observe, but
what is the highest priority?
a. Urine output
b. Temp
c. Respiratory rate
d. Cardiac monitoring Correct Answers d. Cardiac monitoring.
A pt w/ DKA is receiving continuous insulin infusion, which
causes K to move from the extracellular space. This cause a
decrease in the serum K level and can cause dysrhythmias. Thus,
cardiac monitoring is the highest priority.
,Respiratory rate and urine output are important to monitor but
are not the highest priorities. Temp is not relevant to DKA pt's.
A patient had an estimated blood loss of 400 mL during
abdominal surgery. The patient received 300 mL of 0.9% saline
during surgery and now is experiencing hypotension
postoperatively. What should the nurse anticipate for this
patient?
a. Restoring circulating volume
b. Monitor pulse and blood pressure
c. An ECG to check circulatory status
d. Return to surgery to check for internal bleeding Correct
Answers a. Restoring circulating volume
The nurse should anticipate restoring circulating volume with
intravenous (IV) infusion. Although blood could be used to
restore circulating volume, there are no manifestations in this
patient indicating a need for blood administration. The nurse
will need to do more than monitor pulse and blood pressure. An
ECG may be done if there is no response to the fluid
administration or there is a past history of cardiac disease or
cardiac problems were noted during surgery. Returning to
surgery to check for internal bleeding would only be done if the
patient's level of consciousness changes or the abdomen
becomes firm and distended.
A patient has clinical manifestations that correlate with a
diagnosis of lung cancer. For what test does the nurse initially
prepare the patient?
, a. Biopsy
b. Chest X-ray
c. CT
d. Sputum cytology studies Correct Answers A chest x-ray
examination is the first diagnostic test for lung cancer because it
helps identify the lung mass or evident infiltrate. A biopsy is a
diagnostic test for cancer that is performed after computed
tomography scans. Computed tomography (CT) scans help to
further evaluate the lung mass after the its identification on a
chest x-ray. Sputum cytology studies help to identify the
malignancy of cancer cells; they are not the first test performed
to identify the lung cancer.
A patient is on a long-term mineralocorticoid therapy. Which
condition does the nurse suspect in the patient?
a. Metabolic Acidosis
b. Metabolic Alkalosis
c. Respiratory Acidosis
d. Respiratory Alkalosis Correct Answers b. Metabolic
Acidosis
Mineralocorticoids are used to maintain salt and water balance.
Excessive use of mineralocorticoids may cause loss of strong
acids, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is
caused by conditions that increase the acid concentration in the
body, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Respiratory acidosis occurs
as a result of hypoventilation. Respiratory alkalosis occurs
because of hyperventilation.
A nurse assess a pt w/ renal calculi and expects to find what
clinical manifestations?
a. Polyuria and fever
b. Vomiting and flank pain
c. Hematuria and dirrhea
d. Abdominal pain and constipation Correct Answers b.
Vomiting and flank pain.
In addition to severe flank pain and possible abdominal pain,
N/V are associated w/ renal calculi b/c the nerves that innervate
the kidneys also serve the stomach.
Constipation, polyuria and diarrhea are not associated w/ renal
calculi.
Sometimes these pt's may experience abdominal pain and fever.
They may also have hematuria.
A nurse caring for a pt w/ type 1 DM encourages pt to exercise
regular as part of DM mgmt. What precautions should the pt
take when exercising? Select all that apply.
a. Exercise after meals
b. Have a warm-up and cool-down period
c. Avoid carb snacks during exercise
d. Carry glucose tabs or hard candies when exercising.
e. Avoid exercise if blood glucose is equal to 120 mg/dL
Correct Answers a. Exercise after meals
,b. Have a warm-up and cool-down period
d. Carry glucose tabs or hard candies when exercising.
The nurse should inform the pt to exercise 1 hr after meals when
blood sugar levels are rising. The exercise program should be
started gradually and increased slowly, with a warm-up and
cool-down period. Pt's using meds are at risk for hypoglycemia
when exercising and should always carry a fast-acting source of
carbs or eat a small carb snack Q 30 mins when exercising. If
blood glucose is less than or equal to 100 mg/dL, the pt should
retest blood glucose after a 15-g carb snack. The pt should
exercise if glucose levels increase after 15-30 mins.
A nurse is caring for a pt w/ DKA. The pt is on a continuous
short-acting insulin infusion and receiving a continuous infusion
of normal saline. The nurse understands that insulin causes an
intracellular shift of K, H2O, and glucose to move into the
intracellular space. The nurse has several things to observe, but
what is the highest priority?
a. Urine output
b. Temp
c. Respiratory rate
d. Cardiac monitoring Correct Answers d. Cardiac monitoring.
A pt w/ DKA is receiving continuous insulin infusion, which
causes K to move from the extracellular space. This cause a
decrease in the serum K level and can cause dysrhythmias. Thus,
cardiac monitoring is the highest priority.
,Respiratory rate and urine output are important to monitor but
are not the highest priorities. Temp is not relevant to DKA pt's.
A patient had an estimated blood loss of 400 mL during
abdominal surgery. The patient received 300 mL of 0.9% saline
during surgery and now is experiencing hypotension
postoperatively. What should the nurse anticipate for this
patient?
a. Restoring circulating volume
b. Monitor pulse and blood pressure
c. An ECG to check circulatory status
d. Return to surgery to check for internal bleeding Correct
Answers a. Restoring circulating volume
The nurse should anticipate restoring circulating volume with
intravenous (IV) infusion. Although blood could be used to
restore circulating volume, there are no manifestations in this
patient indicating a need for blood administration. The nurse
will need to do more than monitor pulse and blood pressure. An
ECG may be done if there is no response to the fluid
administration or there is a past history of cardiac disease or
cardiac problems were noted during surgery. Returning to
surgery to check for internal bleeding would only be done if the
patient's level of consciousness changes or the abdomen
becomes firm and distended.
A patient has clinical manifestations that correlate with a
diagnosis of lung cancer. For what test does the nurse initially
prepare the patient?
, a. Biopsy
b. Chest X-ray
c. CT
d. Sputum cytology studies Correct Answers A chest x-ray
examination is the first diagnostic test for lung cancer because it
helps identify the lung mass or evident infiltrate. A biopsy is a
diagnostic test for cancer that is performed after computed
tomography scans. Computed tomography (CT) scans help to
further evaluate the lung mass after the its identification on a
chest x-ray. Sputum cytology studies help to identify the
malignancy of cancer cells; they are not the first test performed
to identify the lung cancer.
A patient is on a long-term mineralocorticoid therapy. Which
condition does the nurse suspect in the patient?
a. Metabolic Acidosis
b. Metabolic Alkalosis
c. Respiratory Acidosis
d. Respiratory Alkalosis Correct Answers b. Metabolic
Acidosis
Mineralocorticoids are used to maintain salt and water balance.
Excessive use of mineralocorticoids may cause loss of strong
acids, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is
caused by conditions that increase the acid concentration in the
body, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Respiratory acidosis occurs
as a result of hypoventilation. Respiratory alkalosis occurs
because of hyperventilation.
