HESI (MIXED RN QUESTIONS) WITH
RATIONALIZED ANSWERS
YEAR 2024/2025 LATEST VERSION
,While reviewing the laboratory reports of a client, the nurse finds that the
client has low sodium levels. Which hormonal imbalance should the
nurse suspect in the client?
Epinephrine
Glucagon
Calcitonin
Cortisol - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cortisol
Cortisol is the glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex that
maintains sodium and water balance. Therefore, reduced sodium levels
in the client indicate a cortisol imbalance. Additionally, depleted sodium
levels in a client indicate hyponatremia. Epinephrine is a catecholamine,
which helps in maintaining homeostasis. Glucagon increases blood
glucose levels and does not play a role in maintaining electrolyte
balance. Calcitonin helps in regulating serum calcium levels.
A nurse observes a window washer falling 25 feet (7.6 m) to the ground.
The nurse rushes to the scene and determines that the person is in
cardiopulmonary arrest. What should the nurse do first?
Multiple choice question
Feel for a pulse
Begin chest compressions
Leave to call for assistance
Perform the abdominal thrust maneuver - CORRECT ANSWERS-chest
compressions
According to the American Heart Association and Heart and Stroke
Foundation of Canada for CPR, the first step is to feel for a pulse after
unresponsiveness is established. In this case, it has been established
the client has no pulse (cardiopulmonary arrest); therefore chest
compressions are initiated. Do not leave the client to call for assistance.
,The abdominal thrust (Heimlich) maneuver is used to relieve airway
obstruction and is not appropriate in this instance.
nurse is caring for a client with glaucoma. Which rationale associated
with the need for treatment of this condition should the nurse include in a
teaching program?
Total blindness is inevitable.
Lost vision cannot be restored.
Use of both eyes usually is restricted.
Surgery will help the problem only temporarily. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Lost vision cannot be restored.
Retinal damage caused by the increased intraocular pressure of
glaucoma is progressive and permanent if the disease is not controlled;
lost vision cannot be restored. Early treatment may prevent blindness.
One eye may be affected, and there is no restriction on the use of either
eye. Surgery can open up drainage and permanently reduce pressure.
A healthcare provider determines that a client has myasthenia gravis.
Which clinical findings does the nurse expect when completing a health
history and physical assessment? .
Multiple selection question
Double vision
Problems with cognition
Difficulty swallowing saliva
Intention tremors of the hands
Drooping of the upper eyelids
Nonintention tremors of the extremities - CORRECT ANSWERS-double
vision, difficulty swallowing, drooping eyelids
Double vision occurs as a result of cranial nerve dysfunction. Facial
muscles innervated by the cranial nerves often are affected; difficulty
, with swallowing (dysphagia) is a common clinical finding. Drooping of
the upper eyelids (ptosis) occurs because of cranial nerve III
(oculomotor) dysfunction. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease
with lower motor neuron characteristics, not central nervous system
symptoms. Intention tremors of the hands are associated with multiple
sclerosis. Nonintention tremors of the extremities are associated with
Parkinson disease.
A nurse is caring for a client with right-sided heart failure. Which
assessment findings are key features of right-sided heart failure?
Multiple selection question
Collapsed neck veins
Distended abdomen
Dependent edema
Urinating at night
Cool extremities - CORRECT ANSWERS-Distended abdomen
Dependent edema
Urinating at night
Right-sided heart failure is associated with increased systemic venous
pressures and congestion, as manifested by a distended abdomen,
dependent edema, and urinating at night. Distended, not collapsed, neck
veins occur in right-sided heart failure. Cool extremities are key features
of left-sided heart failure.
A client is diagnosed with an eczematous eruption with well-defined and
geometric margins on the scalp. Which condition does the nurse
anticipate in the client?
Drug eruption
Atopic dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
RATIONALIZED ANSWERS
YEAR 2024/2025 LATEST VERSION
,While reviewing the laboratory reports of a client, the nurse finds that the
client has low sodium levels. Which hormonal imbalance should the
nurse suspect in the client?
Epinephrine
Glucagon
Calcitonin
Cortisol - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cortisol
Cortisol is the glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex that
maintains sodium and water balance. Therefore, reduced sodium levels
in the client indicate a cortisol imbalance. Additionally, depleted sodium
levels in a client indicate hyponatremia. Epinephrine is a catecholamine,
which helps in maintaining homeostasis. Glucagon increases blood
glucose levels and does not play a role in maintaining electrolyte
balance. Calcitonin helps in regulating serum calcium levels.
A nurse observes a window washer falling 25 feet (7.6 m) to the ground.
The nurse rushes to the scene and determines that the person is in
cardiopulmonary arrest. What should the nurse do first?
Multiple choice question
Feel for a pulse
Begin chest compressions
Leave to call for assistance
Perform the abdominal thrust maneuver - CORRECT ANSWERS-chest
compressions
According to the American Heart Association and Heart and Stroke
Foundation of Canada for CPR, the first step is to feel for a pulse after
unresponsiveness is established. In this case, it has been established
the client has no pulse (cardiopulmonary arrest); therefore chest
compressions are initiated. Do not leave the client to call for assistance.
,The abdominal thrust (Heimlich) maneuver is used to relieve airway
obstruction and is not appropriate in this instance.
nurse is caring for a client with glaucoma. Which rationale associated
with the need for treatment of this condition should the nurse include in a
teaching program?
Total blindness is inevitable.
Lost vision cannot be restored.
Use of both eyes usually is restricted.
Surgery will help the problem only temporarily. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Lost vision cannot be restored.
Retinal damage caused by the increased intraocular pressure of
glaucoma is progressive and permanent if the disease is not controlled;
lost vision cannot be restored. Early treatment may prevent blindness.
One eye may be affected, and there is no restriction on the use of either
eye. Surgery can open up drainage and permanently reduce pressure.
A healthcare provider determines that a client has myasthenia gravis.
Which clinical findings does the nurse expect when completing a health
history and physical assessment? .
Multiple selection question
Double vision
Problems with cognition
Difficulty swallowing saliva
Intention tremors of the hands
Drooping of the upper eyelids
Nonintention tremors of the extremities - CORRECT ANSWERS-double
vision, difficulty swallowing, drooping eyelids
Double vision occurs as a result of cranial nerve dysfunction. Facial
muscles innervated by the cranial nerves often are affected; difficulty
, with swallowing (dysphagia) is a common clinical finding. Drooping of
the upper eyelids (ptosis) occurs because of cranial nerve III
(oculomotor) dysfunction. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease
with lower motor neuron characteristics, not central nervous system
symptoms. Intention tremors of the hands are associated with multiple
sclerosis. Nonintention tremors of the extremities are associated with
Parkinson disease.
A nurse is caring for a client with right-sided heart failure. Which
assessment findings are key features of right-sided heart failure?
Multiple selection question
Collapsed neck veins
Distended abdomen
Dependent edema
Urinating at night
Cool extremities - CORRECT ANSWERS-Distended abdomen
Dependent edema
Urinating at night
Right-sided heart failure is associated with increased systemic venous
pressures and congestion, as manifested by a distended abdomen,
dependent edema, and urinating at night. Distended, not collapsed, neck
veins occur in right-sided heart failure. Cool extremities are key features
of left-sided heart failure.
A client is diagnosed with an eczematous eruption with well-defined and
geometric margins on the scalp. Which condition does the nurse
anticipate in the client?
Drug eruption
Atopic dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
