GCSE
Geography
8035/2 – Paper 2 – Challenges in the Human Environment
n n n n n n n n n
Mark scheme
n
8035
Junen2018
Version/Stage:n1.0nFinal
,MarknschemesnarenpreparednbynthenLeadnAssessmentnWriternandnconsidered,ntogethernwithnthenrelevantn
questions,nbynanpanelnofnsubjectnteachers.nThisnmarknschemenincludesnanynamendmentsnmadenatnthensta
ndardisationneventsnwhichnallnassociatesnparticipateninnandnisnthenschemenwhichnwasnusednbynthemninnthisn
examination.nThenstandardisationnprocessnensuresnthatnthenmarknschemencoversnthenstudents’nresponse
sntonquestionsnandnthatneverynassociatenunderstandsnandnappliesnitninnthensamencorrectnway.
Asnpreparationnfornstandardisationneachnassociatenanalysesnannumbernofnstudents’nscripts.nAlternativenan
swersnnotnalreadyncoverednbynthenmarknschemenarendiscussednandnlegislatednfor.nIf,nafternthenstandardis
ationnprocess,nassociatesnencounternunusualnanswersnwhichnhavennotnbeennraisedntheynarenrequiredntonre
fernthesentonthenLeadnAssessmentnWriter.
Itnmustnbenstressednthatnanmarknschemenisnanworkingndocument,ninnmanyncasesnfurtherndevelopednandnex
pandednonnthenbasisnofnstudents’nreactionsntonanparticularnpaper.nAssumptionsnaboutnfuturenmarknschem
esnonnthenbasisnofnonenyear’sndocumentnshouldnbenavoided;nwhilstnthenguidingnprinciplesnofnassessmentnr
emainnconstant,ndetailsnwillnchange,ndependingnonnthencontentnofnanparticularnexaminationnpaper.
Furtherncopiesnofnthisnmarknschemenarenavailablenfromnaqa.org.uk
Copyrightn©n2018nAQAnandnitsnlicensors.n Allnrightsnreserved.
AQAnretainsnthencopyrightnonnallnitsnpublications.nHowever,nregisterednschools/collegesnfornAQAnarenpermittedntoncopynmaterialnfromnthisnbookl
etnforntheirnownninternalnuse,nwithnthenfollowingnimportantnexception:nAQAncannotngivenpermissionntonschools/collegesntonphotocopynanynmateri
alnthatnisnacknowledgedntonanthirdnpartynevennforninternalnusenwithinnthencentre.
, MARKn SCHEMEn–n GCSEn GEOGRAPHYn –n 8035/2n –nJUNEn 2018
Point marked questions marking instructions
n n n n
Thenmarknschemenwillnstatenthencorrectnanswernornanrangenofnpossiblenanswers,nalthoughnthesenmaynnotnb
enexhaustive.nItnmaynindicatenhownansecondnmarknisnawardednfornansecondnpointnorndevelopednidea.nItnma
yngivenannindicationnofnunacceptablenanswers.nEachnmarknshouldnbenshownnbynplacingnanticknwherencredit
nisngiven.nThennumbernof nticksnmustnequalnthenmarknawarded.nDonnotnusencrossesntonindicatenanswersntha
tnarenincorrect.
Level of response marking instructions
n n n n
Levelnofnresponsenmarknschemesnarenbrokenndownnintonlevels,neachnofnwhichnhasnandescriptor.nThendesc
riptornisnlinkedntonthenassessmentnobjective(s)nbeingnaddressed.nThendescriptornfornthenlevelnshowsnthenav
eragenperformancenfornthenlevel.
Beforenyounapplynthenmarknschementonanstudent’snanswernreadnthroughnthenanswernandnannotatenitn(asnins
tructed)ntonshownthenqualitiesnthatnarenbeingnlookednfor.nYouncannthennapplynthenmarknscheme.nYounshoul
dnreadnthenwholenanswernbeforenawardingnmarksnonnlevelsnresponsenquestions.
Step 1 Determine a level
n n n n
Descriptorsnfornthenlevelnindicatenthendifferentnqualitiesnthatnmightnbenseenninnthenstudent’snanswernfornthatnle
vel.nWhennassigningnanlevelnyounshouldnlooknatnthenoverallnqualitynofnthenanswernandnnotnlookntonpicknholesni
nnsmallnandnspecificnpartsnofnthenanswernwherenthenstudentnhasnnotnperformednquitenasnwellnasnthenrest.nIfnth
enanswerncoversndifferentnaspectsnofndifferentnlevelsnofnthenmarknschemenyounshouldnusenanbestnfitnapproac
hnforndefiningnthenlevelnandnthennusenthenvariabilitynofnthenresponsentonhelpndecidenthenmarknwithinnthenlevel
,nienifnthenresponsenisnpredominantlynLeveln2nwithnansmallnamountnofnLeveln3nmaterialnitnwouldnbenplacedninn
Leveln2nbutnbenawardednanmarknnearnthentopnofnthenlevelnbecausenofnthenLeveln3ncontent.nForninstance,ninnan
9nmarknquestionnwithnthreenlevelsnofnresponse,nannanswernmayndemonstratenthoroughnknowledgenandnund
erstandingn(AO1nandnAO2)nbutnfailntonrespondntoncommandnwordsnsuchnasnassessnornevaluaten(AO3).nThen
scriptncouldnstillnaccessnLeveln2nmarks.nNotenthatnthenmarknschemenisnnotnprogressiveninnthensensenthatnstu
dentsndon’tnhaventonfulfilnallnthenrequirementsnofnLeveln1ninnorderntonaccessnLeveln2.
Step 2 Determine a mark
n n n n
Oncenyounhavenassignednanlevelnyounneedntondecidenonnthenmark.nThendescriptorsnonnhowntonallocatenma
rksncannhelpnwithnthis.nThenexemplarnmaterialsnusednduringnstandardisationnwillnalsonhelp.nTherenwillngen
erallynbenannanswerninnthenstandardisingnmaterialsnwhichnwillncorrespondnwithneachnlevelnofnthenmarknsche
me.nThisnanswernwillnhavenbeennawardednanmarknbynthenLeadnExaminer.nYouncanncomparenthenstudent’sn
answernwithnthenexamplentondeterminenifnitnisnthensamenstandard,nbetternornworsenthannthenexample.nYoun
cannthennusenthisntonallocatenanmarknfornthenanswernbasednonnthenLeadnExaminer’snmarknonnthenexample.
Younmaynwellnneedntonreadnbacknthroughnthenanswernasnyounapplynthenmarknschementonclarifynpointsnandnass
urenyourselfnthatnthenlevelnandnthenmarknarenappropriate.
Indicativencontentninnthenmarknschemenisnprovidednasnanguidenfornexaminers.nItnisnnotnintendedntonben
exhaustivenandnyounmustncreditnothernvalidnpoints.nStudentsndonnotnhaventoncovernallnofnthenpointsnm
entionedninnthenindicativencontentntonreachnthenhighestnlevelnofnthenmarknscheme.
Annanswernwhichncontainsnnothingnofnrelevancentonthenquestionnmustnbenawardednnonmarks.
3
, MARKn SCHEMEn–n GCSEn GEOGRAPHYn –n 8035/2n –nJUNEn 2018
Assessment of spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology(SPaG)
n n n n n n n n n n
Accuracynofnspelling,npunctuation,ngrammarnandnthenusenofnspecialistnterminologynwillnbenassessednvianthe
nindicatedn9nmarknquestions.nInneachnof nthesenquestions,nthreenmarksnarenallocatednfornSPaGnasnfollows:
Highnperformancen–n3nmarks
Intermediatenperformancen–n2nmarks
Thresholdnperformancen–n1nmark
General guidance
n
Marknschemesnshouldnbenappliednpositively.nExaminersnshouldnlooknfornqualitiesntonrewardnrathernt
hannfaultsntonpenalise.nTheynarenlookingntonfindncreditninneachnresponsentheynmark.nUnlessnthenma
rknschemenspecificallynstates,ncandidatesnmustnnevernlosenmarksnfornincorrectnanswers.
Thenfullnrangenofnmarksnshouldnbenused.nExaminersnshouldnalwaysnawardnfullnmarksnifndeserved,
i.e.nifnthenanswernmatchesnthenmarknscheme.
Whennexaminersnareninndoubtnregardingnthenapplicationnofnthenmarknschementonancandidate’snr
esponse,nthenteamnleadernmustnbenconsulted
Crossednoutnworknshouldnbenmarkednunlessnthencandidatenhasnreplacednitnwithnannalternativenr
esponse.
DonNOTnaddnticksntonlevel-markednquestionsn–
nusenthenhighlightntool/bracketsntonsignifynwhatnisn
relevant.
Sometimesntherenarenspecificn“triggers”ninnthenmarknschementhatnenablenhighernlevelnmarksntonben
awarded.nForninstance,nannexamplenorncasenstudynmaynbenrequirednfornLeveln3nifnitnisnstatednwithinnt
henquestion.
Wherenansource,nsuchnasnanphotographnornmap,nisnprovidednasnanstimulusnitnshouldnbenusednifnre
questedninnthenquestion,nbutncreditncannoftennbengivennforninferrednasnwellnasndirectnusenofnthenso
urce.
Alwaysnbenconsistentn–
nacceptnthenguidelinesngivenninnthenmarknschemenandnapplynthemntoneveryn script
Ifnnecessarynmakencommentsntonsupportnthenlevelnawardednandntonhelpnclarifynandecisionnyounhaven
made
Examinersnshouldnrevisitnstandardisenscriptnanswersnasntheynapplynthenmarknschemeninnorderntonc
onfirmnthatnthenlevelnandnthenmarknallocatednisnappropriatentonthenresponsenprovided.
Marknallnanswersnwrittennonnthenexaminationnpaper.
4
Geography
8035/2 – Paper 2 – Challenges in the Human Environment
n n n n n n n n n
Mark scheme
n
8035
Junen2018
Version/Stage:n1.0nFinal
,MarknschemesnarenpreparednbynthenLeadnAssessmentnWriternandnconsidered,ntogethernwithnthenrelevantn
questions,nbynanpanelnofnsubjectnteachers.nThisnmarknschemenincludesnanynamendmentsnmadenatnthensta
ndardisationneventsnwhichnallnassociatesnparticipateninnandnisnthenschemenwhichnwasnusednbynthemninnthisn
examination.nThenstandardisationnprocessnensuresnthatnthenmarknschemencoversnthenstudents’nresponse
sntonquestionsnandnthatneverynassociatenunderstandsnandnappliesnitninnthensamencorrectnway.
Asnpreparationnfornstandardisationneachnassociatenanalysesnannumbernofnstudents’nscripts.nAlternativenan
swersnnotnalreadyncoverednbynthenmarknschemenarendiscussednandnlegislatednfor.nIf,nafternthenstandardis
ationnprocess,nassociatesnencounternunusualnanswersnwhichnhavennotnbeennraisedntheynarenrequiredntonre
fernthesentonthenLeadnAssessmentnWriter.
Itnmustnbenstressednthatnanmarknschemenisnanworkingndocument,ninnmanyncasesnfurtherndevelopednandnex
pandednonnthenbasisnofnstudents’nreactionsntonanparticularnpaper.nAssumptionsnaboutnfuturenmarknschem
esnonnthenbasisnofnonenyear’sndocumentnshouldnbenavoided;nwhilstnthenguidingnprinciplesnofnassessmentnr
emainnconstant,ndetailsnwillnchange,ndependingnonnthencontentnofnanparticularnexaminationnpaper.
Furtherncopiesnofnthisnmarknschemenarenavailablenfromnaqa.org.uk
Copyrightn©n2018nAQAnandnitsnlicensors.n Allnrightsnreserved.
AQAnretainsnthencopyrightnonnallnitsnpublications.nHowever,nregisterednschools/collegesnfornAQAnarenpermittedntoncopynmaterialnfromnthisnbookl
etnforntheirnownninternalnuse,nwithnthenfollowingnimportantnexception:nAQAncannotngivenpermissionntonschools/collegesntonphotocopynanynmateri
alnthatnisnacknowledgedntonanthirdnpartynevennforninternalnusenwithinnthencentre.
, MARKn SCHEMEn–n GCSEn GEOGRAPHYn –n 8035/2n –nJUNEn 2018
Point marked questions marking instructions
n n n n
Thenmarknschemenwillnstatenthencorrectnanswernornanrangenofnpossiblenanswers,nalthoughnthesenmaynnotnb
enexhaustive.nItnmaynindicatenhownansecondnmarknisnawardednfornansecondnpointnorndevelopednidea.nItnma
yngivenannindicationnofnunacceptablenanswers.nEachnmarknshouldnbenshownnbynplacingnanticknwherencredit
nisngiven.nThennumbernof nticksnmustnequalnthenmarknawarded.nDonnotnusencrossesntonindicatenanswersntha
tnarenincorrect.
Level of response marking instructions
n n n n
Levelnofnresponsenmarknschemesnarenbrokenndownnintonlevels,neachnofnwhichnhasnandescriptor.nThendesc
riptornisnlinkedntonthenassessmentnobjective(s)nbeingnaddressed.nThendescriptornfornthenlevelnshowsnthenav
eragenperformancenfornthenlevel.
Beforenyounapplynthenmarknschementonanstudent’snanswernreadnthroughnthenanswernandnannotatenitn(asnins
tructed)ntonshownthenqualitiesnthatnarenbeingnlookednfor.nYouncannthennapplynthenmarknscheme.nYounshoul
dnreadnthenwholenanswernbeforenawardingnmarksnonnlevelsnresponsenquestions.
Step 1 Determine a level
n n n n
Descriptorsnfornthenlevelnindicatenthendifferentnqualitiesnthatnmightnbenseenninnthenstudent’snanswernfornthatnle
vel.nWhennassigningnanlevelnyounshouldnlooknatnthenoverallnqualitynofnthenanswernandnnotnlookntonpicknholesni
nnsmallnandnspecificnpartsnofnthenanswernwherenthenstudentnhasnnotnperformednquitenasnwellnasnthenrest.nIfnth
enanswerncoversndifferentnaspectsnofndifferentnlevelsnofnthenmarknschemenyounshouldnusenanbestnfitnapproac
hnforndefiningnthenlevelnandnthennusenthenvariabilitynofnthenresponsentonhelpndecidenthenmarknwithinnthenlevel
,nienifnthenresponsenisnpredominantlynLeveln2nwithnansmallnamountnofnLeveln3nmaterialnitnwouldnbenplacedninn
Leveln2nbutnbenawardednanmarknnearnthentopnofnthenlevelnbecausenofnthenLeveln3ncontent.nForninstance,ninnan
9nmarknquestionnwithnthreenlevelsnofnresponse,nannanswernmayndemonstratenthoroughnknowledgenandnund
erstandingn(AO1nandnAO2)nbutnfailntonrespondntoncommandnwordsnsuchnasnassessnornevaluaten(AO3).nThen
scriptncouldnstillnaccessnLeveln2nmarks.nNotenthatnthenmarknschemenisnnotnprogressiveninnthensensenthatnstu
dentsndon’tnhaventonfulfilnallnthenrequirementsnofnLeveln1ninnorderntonaccessnLeveln2.
Step 2 Determine a mark
n n n n
Oncenyounhavenassignednanlevelnyounneedntondecidenonnthenmark.nThendescriptorsnonnhowntonallocatenma
rksncannhelpnwithnthis.nThenexemplarnmaterialsnusednduringnstandardisationnwillnalsonhelp.nTherenwillngen
erallynbenannanswerninnthenstandardisingnmaterialsnwhichnwillncorrespondnwithneachnlevelnofnthenmarknsche
me.nThisnanswernwillnhavenbeennawardednanmarknbynthenLeadnExaminer.nYouncanncomparenthenstudent’sn
answernwithnthenexamplentondeterminenifnitnisnthensamenstandard,nbetternornworsenthannthenexample.nYoun
cannthennusenthisntonallocatenanmarknfornthenanswernbasednonnthenLeadnExaminer’snmarknonnthenexample.
Younmaynwellnneedntonreadnbacknthroughnthenanswernasnyounapplynthenmarknschementonclarifynpointsnandnass
urenyourselfnthatnthenlevelnandnthenmarknarenappropriate.
Indicativencontentninnthenmarknschemenisnprovidednasnanguidenfornexaminers.nItnisnnotnintendedntonben
exhaustivenandnyounmustncreditnothernvalidnpoints.nStudentsndonnotnhaventoncovernallnofnthenpointsnm
entionedninnthenindicativencontentntonreachnthenhighestnlevelnofnthenmarknscheme.
Annanswernwhichncontainsnnothingnofnrelevancentonthenquestionnmustnbenawardednnonmarks.
3
, MARKn SCHEMEn–n GCSEn GEOGRAPHYn –n 8035/2n –nJUNEn 2018
Assessment of spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology(SPaG)
n n n n n n n n n n
Accuracynofnspelling,npunctuation,ngrammarnandnthenusenofnspecialistnterminologynwillnbenassessednvianthe
nindicatedn9nmarknquestions.nInneachnof nthesenquestions,nthreenmarksnarenallocatednfornSPaGnasnfollows:
Highnperformancen–n3nmarks
Intermediatenperformancen–n2nmarks
Thresholdnperformancen–n1nmark
General guidance
n
Marknschemesnshouldnbenappliednpositively.nExaminersnshouldnlooknfornqualitiesntonrewardnrathernt
hannfaultsntonpenalise.nTheynarenlookingntonfindncreditninneachnresponsentheynmark.nUnlessnthenma
rknschemenspecificallynstates,ncandidatesnmustnnevernlosenmarksnfornincorrectnanswers.
Thenfullnrangenofnmarksnshouldnbenused.nExaminersnshouldnalwaysnawardnfullnmarksnifndeserved,
i.e.nifnthenanswernmatchesnthenmarknscheme.
Whennexaminersnareninndoubtnregardingnthenapplicationnofnthenmarknschementonancandidate’snr
esponse,nthenteamnleadernmustnbenconsulted
Crossednoutnworknshouldnbenmarkednunlessnthencandidatenhasnreplacednitnwithnannalternativenr
esponse.
DonNOTnaddnticksntonlevel-markednquestionsn–
nusenthenhighlightntool/bracketsntonsignifynwhatnisn
relevant.
Sometimesntherenarenspecificn“triggers”ninnthenmarknschementhatnenablenhighernlevelnmarksntonben
awarded.nForninstance,nannexamplenorncasenstudynmaynbenrequirednfornLeveln3nifnitnisnstatednwithinnt
henquestion.
Wherenansource,nsuchnasnanphotographnornmap,nisnprovidednasnanstimulusnitnshouldnbenusednifnre
questedninnthenquestion,nbutncreditncannoftennbengivennforninferrednasnwellnasndirectnusenofnthenso
urce.
Alwaysnbenconsistentn–
nacceptnthenguidelinesngivenninnthenmarknschemenandnapplynthemntoneveryn script
Ifnnecessarynmakencommentsntonsupportnthenlevelnawardednandntonhelpnclarifynandecisionnyounhaven
made
Examinersnshouldnrevisitnstandardisenscriptnanswersnasntheynapplynthenmarknschemeninnorderntonc
onfirmnthatnthenlevelnandnthenmarknallocatednisnappropriatentonthenresponsenprovided.
Marknallnanswersnwrittennonnthenexaminationnpaper.
4
