NGR 6140
Physiology & Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
- A. Regulate blood glucose levels
- B. Control blood pressure and fluid balance
- C. Stimulate red blood cell production
- D. Regulate calcium levels
- ANS: B. Control blood pressure and fluid balance
- Rationale: The RAAS plays a crucial role in regulating
blood pressure and fluid balance by controlling the constriction of
blood vessels and the reabsorption of sodium and water in the
kidneys.
©2024/2025
,2. What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic predisposition
- B. Viral infections
- C. Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke
- D. Bacterial infections
- ANS: C. Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco
smoke
- Rationale: The primary cause of COPD is long-term
exposure to irritants, particularly tobacco smoke, which leads to
inflammation and damage to the airways and lung tissue.
3. Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes
mellitus?
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Chronic kidney disease
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Asthma
- ANS: B. Chronic kidney disease
- Rationale: Chronic kidney disease is a common
complication of diabetes mellitus due to the damage high blood
sugar levels can cause to the blood vessels in the kidneys.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The presence of __________ in the urine is a common
indicator of glomerulonephritis.
- ANS: protein
- Rationale: Proteinuria, or the presence of protein in the
urine, is a common indicator of glomerulonephritis, which is
inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.
5. __________ is the term used to describe the abnormal
enlargement of the heart.
- ANS: Cardiomegaly
- Rationale: Cardiomegaly refers to the abnormal
enlargement of the heart, which can be caused by various
conditions such as hypertension or cardiomyopathy.
True/False Questions
6. True or False: A positive Trousseau's sign is indicative of
hypocalcemia.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
Physiology & Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
- A. Regulate blood glucose levels
- B. Control blood pressure and fluid balance
- C. Stimulate red blood cell production
- D. Regulate calcium levels
- ANS: B. Control blood pressure and fluid balance
- Rationale: The RAAS plays a crucial role in regulating
blood pressure and fluid balance by controlling the constriction of
blood vessels and the reabsorption of sodium and water in the
kidneys.
©2024/2025
,2. What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic predisposition
- B. Viral infections
- C. Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke
- D. Bacterial infections
- ANS: C. Long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco
smoke
- Rationale: The primary cause of COPD is long-term
exposure to irritants, particularly tobacco smoke, which leads to
inflammation and damage to the airways and lung tissue.
3. Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes
mellitus?
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Chronic kidney disease
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Asthma
- ANS: B. Chronic kidney disease
- Rationale: Chronic kidney disease is a common
complication of diabetes mellitus due to the damage high blood
sugar levels can cause to the blood vessels in the kidneys.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The presence of __________ in the urine is a common
indicator of glomerulonephritis.
- ANS: protein
- Rationale: Proteinuria, or the presence of protein in the
urine, is a common indicator of glomerulonephritis, which is
inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.
5. __________ is the term used to describe the abnormal
enlargement of the heart.
- ANS: Cardiomegaly
- Rationale: Cardiomegaly refers to the abnormal
enlargement of the heart, which can be caused by various
conditions such as hypertension or cardiomyopathy.
True/False Questions
6. True or False: A positive Trousseau's sign is indicative of
hypocalcemia.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
