LES 305 Exam 1 Clark UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - Manner by which one lives one's life according to a
standard of right or wrong behavior
- In both how one thinks and behaves towards others and how one would like them to think and
behave towards others
Factors That Influence Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - One's upbringing
- One's religion
- One's social traditions and beliefs
- Society: Structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs
Understanding Right and Wrong - CORRECT ANSWER - Moral Standards: Principles by
which judgments are made about good and bad behavior based on:
1. Religious Beliefs
2. Cultural Beliefs
- Culture: Particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of individuals
3) Philosophical Beliefs
Source of Beliefs - CORRECT ANSWER - Family and friends
Ethnic Background
Religion
School
Media
Personal role models and mentors
Morality: Collection of influences built over a person's life
** Sources add up to morality
,How Should One Live? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Standards of ethical behavior are
absorbed by osmosis from everyone around
- Ethical behavior can be based on religious morality or experience of human existence
- Morals and values: Set of personal principles by which one aims to live one's life
- Value System: Set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior
Intrinsic Value - CORRECT ANSWER - Quality by which a value is a good thing in itself
-> Pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit or not (Ex: happiness,
health, self-respect)
Instrumental Value - CORRECT ANSWER - Quality by which the pursuit of one's value is
a good way to reach another value (Ex: money is valued for what it can buy rather than for itself)
Value Conflicts - CORRECT ANSWER - - Impact of a value system on individuals is how
much their daily lives are influenced by those values
- Occur when one is presented with a situation that places one's value system in direct conflict
with an action
- Personal Value System: Specific choices and responses to a situation by an individual
The Golden Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - - Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you
- Problem with the rule is the assumption that others would follow the same principles as one
would do
Ethical Theories - CORRECT ANSWER - Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism, Universal Ethics
Virtue Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - Living one's life according to a commitment to
the achievement of a clear ideal
- Criticism: societies can place different emphasis on different virtues
, Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER - - Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for
the greatest number of people
- Criticism: idea that the ends justify the means
Universal Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - Actions that are taken out of duty and
obligation to a purely moral idea rather than based on the needs of the situation (Universal
principles are seen to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time)
- Criticism: Reverse of the weakness in ethics for the greater good
Ethical Relativism - CORRECT ANSWER - Traditions of one's society, one's personal
opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles
- Implies some degree of flexibility as opposed to strict black and white rules
- Offers the comfort of being a part of the ethical majority in the community or society
Ethical Dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWER - - Situations where there are no obvious right
or wrong decisions, but rather a right or right answer
- Occurs when the decision one must make requires one to make a right choice knowing full well
that one is: leaving an equally right choice undone or likely to suffer something bad as a result of
that choice
- Contracting a personal ethical principle in making that choice
- Abandoning an ethical value of one's community or society in making that choice
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWER - - Sleep Test Ethics
- 3 Step Process for Solving Ethical Problems
- Arthur Dobrin's Questions
Sleep Test Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - Ethics of Institution
- Individuals should rely on their personal insights, feelings, and instincts
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - Manner by which one lives one's life according to a
standard of right or wrong behavior
- In both how one thinks and behaves towards others and how one would like them to think and
behave towards others
Factors That Influence Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - One's upbringing
- One's religion
- One's social traditions and beliefs
- Society: Structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs
Understanding Right and Wrong - CORRECT ANSWER - Moral Standards: Principles by
which judgments are made about good and bad behavior based on:
1. Religious Beliefs
2. Cultural Beliefs
- Culture: Particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of individuals
3) Philosophical Beliefs
Source of Beliefs - CORRECT ANSWER - Family and friends
Ethnic Background
Religion
School
Media
Personal role models and mentors
Morality: Collection of influences built over a person's life
** Sources add up to morality
,How Should One Live? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Standards of ethical behavior are
absorbed by osmosis from everyone around
- Ethical behavior can be based on religious morality or experience of human existence
- Morals and values: Set of personal principles by which one aims to live one's life
- Value System: Set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior
Intrinsic Value - CORRECT ANSWER - Quality by which a value is a good thing in itself
-> Pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit or not (Ex: happiness,
health, self-respect)
Instrumental Value - CORRECT ANSWER - Quality by which the pursuit of one's value is
a good way to reach another value (Ex: money is valued for what it can buy rather than for itself)
Value Conflicts - CORRECT ANSWER - - Impact of a value system on individuals is how
much their daily lives are influenced by those values
- Occur when one is presented with a situation that places one's value system in direct conflict
with an action
- Personal Value System: Specific choices and responses to a situation by an individual
The Golden Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - - Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you
- Problem with the rule is the assumption that others would follow the same principles as one
would do
Ethical Theories - CORRECT ANSWER - Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism, Universal Ethics
Virtue Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - Living one's life according to a commitment to
the achievement of a clear ideal
- Criticism: societies can place different emphasis on different virtues
, Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER - - Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for
the greatest number of people
- Criticism: idea that the ends justify the means
Universal Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - Actions that are taken out of duty and
obligation to a purely moral idea rather than based on the needs of the situation (Universal
principles are seen to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time)
- Criticism: Reverse of the weakness in ethics for the greater good
Ethical Relativism - CORRECT ANSWER - Traditions of one's society, one's personal
opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles
- Implies some degree of flexibility as opposed to strict black and white rules
- Offers the comfort of being a part of the ethical majority in the community or society
Ethical Dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWER - - Situations where there are no obvious right
or wrong decisions, but rather a right or right answer
- Occurs when the decision one must make requires one to make a right choice knowing full well
that one is: leaving an equally right choice undone or likely to suffer something bad as a result of
that choice
- Contracting a personal ethical principle in making that choice
- Abandoning an ethical value of one's community or society in making that choice
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWER - - Sleep Test Ethics
- 3 Step Process for Solving Ethical Problems
- Arthur Dobrin's Questions
Sleep Test Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - - Ethics of Institution
- Individuals should rely on their personal insights, feelings, and instincts
