PN 4006 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS| LATEST 2025-2026 EXAM UPDATE
1. the pH is 7.30. This is lower than normal, so we have an acidosis.
2. What else is acidotic? The CO2 is 50, which is high. So, we have
respiratory acidosis.
3. normal HCO3- is between 22-28. So, the body is trying to fix this
problem. Has the body done a good job of fixing the problem? No, the
pH is still not within normal ranges, so there is only partial
compensation occurring
try:
pH = 7.50
PaCO2 = 47
HCO3- = 32 - Answer-partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
1. The pH is 7.50. so we have an alkalosis.
2. The HCO3- is 32, which is high. So, we have metabolic alkalosis
, 3. the PaCO2 is out of range in the direction of acidosis despite the pH
being alkalosis - so with an alkalotic pH, we know it is partially
compensating.
what is the most common fluid replacement for deficit besides saline? -
Answer-lactated ringers (ringers lactate). RL or LR.
it is isotonic.
early signs of inadequate oxygenation - Answer-apprehensive and
dizzy. tachycardia.
(central cyanosis is generally SEVERE and not an early sign!)
what is a normal part of the aging process when it comes to residual
volume? - Answer-it increases - (lungs no longer fully expel air)
what should you ask about related to respiratory health before
mobilizing - Answer-if they feel dyspnea during rest or exercise
what is tactile fremitus - Answer-tactile fremitus are vibrations that are
felt by hand on the chest wall.
what is thoracentesis - Answer-drawing pleural fluid from the thoracic
cavity
ANSWERS| LATEST 2025-2026 EXAM UPDATE
1. the pH is 7.30. This is lower than normal, so we have an acidosis.
2. What else is acidotic? The CO2 is 50, which is high. So, we have
respiratory acidosis.
3. normal HCO3- is between 22-28. So, the body is trying to fix this
problem. Has the body done a good job of fixing the problem? No, the
pH is still not within normal ranges, so there is only partial
compensation occurring
try:
pH = 7.50
PaCO2 = 47
HCO3- = 32 - Answer-partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
1. The pH is 7.50. so we have an alkalosis.
2. The HCO3- is 32, which is high. So, we have metabolic alkalosis
, 3. the PaCO2 is out of range in the direction of acidosis despite the pH
being alkalosis - so with an alkalotic pH, we know it is partially
compensating.
what is the most common fluid replacement for deficit besides saline? -
Answer-lactated ringers (ringers lactate). RL or LR.
it is isotonic.
early signs of inadequate oxygenation - Answer-apprehensive and
dizzy. tachycardia.
(central cyanosis is generally SEVERE and not an early sign!)
what is a normal part of the aging process when it comes to residual
volume? - Answer-it increases - (lungs no longer fully expel air)
what should you ask about related to respiratory health before
mobilizing - Answer-if they feel dyspnea during rest or exercise
what is tactile fremitus - Answer-tactile fremitus are vibrations that are
felt by hand on the chest wall.
what is thoracentesis - Answer-drawing pleural fluid from the thoracic
cavity
