BIOLOGY EOC EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS

BIOLOGY EOC EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅amount of energy needed to start a reaction



Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Bounded by peptide bonds; monomer of a protein



Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(monosaccharides) main source of energy for
the cell; 1 gram = 4 calories


Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and
speed up the reaction


Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a
substrate


Lipid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(1 glycerol = 3 fatty acids) used for long term energy
storage, make up the phospholipid bilayer; 1 gram = 9 calories


Monosaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose
and sucrose)


Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Made of nucleotides, function is to store
genetic information which can be seen in DNA and RNA


Organic Molecule - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅bounded molecules made of carbon



Protein - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(amino acids) referred to as the building blocks

,Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅All living things are made of cells; Cells come
from other cells; Cells are the basic structure and function of an organism


Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅How cells (stem cells) get their jobs



Eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cells that have a nucleus, large, complex (Ex.
Plants and Animals)


Multicellular Organisms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Organisms composed of many cells
(Ex. tissue, humans, etc.)


Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Small structures that perform various functions for
the cell (reside within the cytoplasm)


Prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (Ex. Bacteria)



Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Undifferentiated cells



Unicellular Organism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Organisms composed of only one cell
(Ex. Bacteria)


Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅No energy required; transport of small and
medium materials across the plasma membrane (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)


Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅No energy required; transports molecules from high
to low concentrations in order to even them out (for small materials)


Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅No energy required; transports WATER from high to
low concentrations in order to even them out

, Facilitated Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅"Semi-active" uses transport proteins to
help move material across the plasma membrane, but still doesn't require energy


Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Internal condition is balanced



Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules.
Gets molecules across the cell through pumps and vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)


Pumps - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Molecules are "pumped" by a transport protein to get
across the membrane, requiring energy


Vesicles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Used when molecules are too large to pass through
the membrane, even with the help of a transport protein


Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Large molecules going INTO the cell



Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Large molecules going OUT of the cell



Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Drives diffusion; moves from left to
right


Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Only in eukaryotic cells, holds DNA



Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Makes ATP, (Power house of the cell); Where
Cellular Respiration occurs


Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Makes glucose for the plant; Where
Photosynthesis occurs