Pomarico Bio 1201 Exam 2 UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
4 classes of large biological molecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids
Macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Large molecules composed of thousands of
covalently connected atoms
Polymers - CORRECT ANSWER - Long molecules consisting of many similar building
blocks
Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER - Small repeating units that serve as building blocks
for polymers
Dehydration Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - When two monomers bond together
through the loss of a water molecule
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - When polymers are dissassembled to monomers
reversing the dehydration reaction
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - Specialized macromolecules that act as a catalyst to
speed up chemical reactions such as dehydration reactions and hydrolysis
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - Include sugars and polymers of sugars.
(Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides); store fuel or used for building material
Monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - The simplest carbohydrate, or single sugars.
Molecular formulas that are usually multiples of CnH2nOn.
,Classified by their location of the carbonyl group (aldose or ketos) & number of carbons in the
carbon skeleton
Carbohydrate Macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Polysaccharides, which are
polymers composed of many sugar building blocks
Disaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - Formed when a dehydration reaction joins two
monosaccharides.(ex:sucrose,lactose)
Polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - Polymers of sugars, have storage and structural
roles determined by its sugar monomers and the positions of glycosidic linkages.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWER - A storage polysaccharide of plants - consists entirely of
glucose monomers. (within chloroplasts & plastids)
amylose - CORRECT ANSWER - a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of
glucose units; 1-4 linkage
amylopectin - CORRECT ANSWER - a plant starch with branched glucose chains; 1-6
and 1-4 linkage
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER - A storage polysaccharide in animals. (within liver &
muscle cells)
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER - Polysaccharide that is a major component of the tough
wall of plant cells. Alpha & Beta glucose rings.
cellulose glycosidic linkages - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha starch (storage) OH is
down;(straight)
Beta starch (cellulose) OH is up and down(criss cross)
, Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER - Structural Polysaccharide found in exoskeleton of
arthhropods. Provides structural support of cell walls of many fungi.
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Do not form polymers. No affinity for water, they're
hydrophobic because they consist of hydrocarbons. Nonpolar covalent bonds.
The most biologically important Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Fats(ex:Triacylglycerols
,fats+oils used for energy), Phospholipids(ex:cell membrane lipid bilayer hydrophobic/philic),
and Steroids(ex: hormones as a signal and cholesterol as a part of cell membrane).
Fats - CORRECT ANSWER - Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids
Glycerol - CORRECT ANSWER - 3 carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to
each carbon.
Triacylglycerol - CORRECT ANSWER - An ester derived from glycerol and three fatty
acids
Saturated Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Have the maximum number of hydrogen
atoms possible and no double bonds. Straight chains. Results in solids and found in animals.
Unsaturated fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Have one or more double bonds. Forms
bent chains. Results in liquid form and found in plants and fish.
Energy Storage - CORRECT ANSWER - This is the main function of fats
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER - two fatty acids and a phosphate group are
attached to glycerol
Phospholipid Bilayer - CORRECT ANSWER - when phospholipids are added to water
Questions and CORRECT Answers
4 classes of large biological molecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids
Macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Large molecules composed of thousands of
covalently connected atoms
Polymers - CORRECT ANSWER - Long molecules consisting of many similar building
blocks
Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER - Small repeating units that serve as building blocks
for polymers
Dehydration Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - When two monomers bond together
through the loss of a water molecule
Hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - When polymers are dissassembled to monomers
reversing the dehydration reaction
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - Specialized macromolecules that act as a catalyst to
speed up chemical reactions such as dehydration reactions and hydrolysis
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - Include sugars and polymers of sugars.
(Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides); store fuel or used for building material
Monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - The simplest carbohydrate, or single sugars.
Molecular formulas that are usually multiples of CnH2nOn.
,Classified by their location of the carbonyl group (aldose or ketos) & number of carbons in the
carbon skeleton
Carbohydrate Macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Polysaccharides, which are
polymers composed of many sugar building blocks
Disaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - Formed when a dehydration reaction joins two
monosaccharides.(ex:sucrose,lactose)
Polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER - Polymers of sugars, have storage and structural
roles determined by its sugar monomers and the positions of glycosidic linkages.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWER - A storage polysaccharide of plants - consists entirely of
glucose monomers. (within chloroplasts & plastids)
amylose - CORRECT ANSWER - a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of
glucose units; 1-4 linkage
amylopectin - CORRECT ANSWER - a plant starch with branched glucose chains; 1-6
and 1-4 linkage
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER - A storage polysaccharide in animals. (within liver &
muscle cells)
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER - Polysaccharide that is a major component of the tough
wall of plant cells. Alpha & Beta glucose rings.
cellulose glycosidic linkages - CORRECT ANSWER - alpha starch (storage) OH is
down;(straight)
Beta starch (cellulose) OH is up and down(criss cross)
, Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER - Structural Polysaccharide found in exoskeleton of
arthhropods. Provides structural support of cell walls of many fungi.
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Do not form polymers. No affinity for water, they're
hydrophobic because they consist of hydrocarbons. Nonpolar covalent bonds.
The most biologically important Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - Fats(ex:Triacylglycerols
,fats+oils used for energy), Phospholipids(ex:cell membrane lipid bilayer hydrophobic/philic),
and Steroids(ex: hormones as a signal and cholesterol as a part of cell membrane).
Fats - CORRECT ANSWER - Constructed from glycerol and fatty acids
Glycerol - CORRECT ANSWER - 3 carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to
each carbon.
Triacylglycerol - CORRECT ANSWER - An ester derived from glycerol and three fatty
acids
Saturated Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Have the maximum number of hydrogen
atoms possible and no double bonds. Straight chains. Results in solids and found in animals.
Unsaturated fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Have one or more double bonds. Forms
bent chains. Results in liquid form and found in plants and fish.
Energy Storage - CORRECT ANSWER - This is the main function of fats
Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER - two fatty acids and a phosphate group are
attached to glycerol
Phospholipid Bilayer - CORRECT ANSWER - when phospholipids are added to water
