MCB2010: EXAM 1
1. Microbiology: is a branch of biology that deals with scientific study of
microorganism such as: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and
parasites(protozoa,helminths, and some insects)
2. prokaryotic cell: bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
3. eukaryotic cell: (fungi, protozoa, green algae, animals, and plants)
4. mycosis: any disease caused by fungi
5. virus: need a host to live-they are non-living because they need a host, but
can be living -are all parasites
6. yeast: unicellular fungi
7. mold: multi cellular fungi
8. pathogen: microorganism that has the potential to cause disease in a
compromised host (defense is down like skin)
9. infection: colonization of the host by pathogen without sign and symptoms
10. prokaryotic cell: before nucleus-dosent have nucleus yet-no nucleus, or
nuclear membrane -has dna, nuclear material, or nucleoid, chromatin
11. eukaryotic cell: has a nucleus-true nuclues
12. mycology: study of fungi
13. virology: study of viruses
14. bacteriology: study of bacteria
15. infectious disease: microorganism are involved
16. non-infectious disease: microorganisms are not involved
17. Anton Van Leeuwenhook: first observed microscope life (living cells) which
he called "animalcules"
18. Robert Hooke: made the first compound microscope and observed a thin
slide of cork -he was able to see, what he described as, little boxes or cells
19. spontaneous generation: is a theory of development of living forms from non
living matter -John Needham(English) supported this generation theory-
Francesco Redi(Italian) refuted the idea of this generation EX: toad, snakes,
mice, flies, manure of decaying corpses
20. louis pasteur: the issue of spontaneous generation was resolved by this
french scientist
1)he proved that microorganism are indeed present in the air and
2)they can contaminate sterile solutions but
, MCB2010: EXAM 1
3)air itself does not give rise to microbial life
21. rudolph virchow: (german) presented the theory of bio genesis
-living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells
22. aseptic surgery: was introduced by an English surgeon Joseph Lister in
1860.-reduces contamination
23. vaccination: introduce by a British physician named Edward Jenner in 1798.
24. true: life on earth can not survive without nuclear material?
25. germ theory of disease: proposed by Louis Pasteur in 1857
-proved by Robert Koch in 1876(specific bacteria cause specific disease) (not
microorganism) (very important)
26. Robert koch: proved germ theory of disease in 1876
27. pasteurization: (1857 Louis Pasteur)-a form of heat treatment that kills a
number of transmissible bacteria such as salmonella
28. John Tyndall: explained differences in results from different labs
-he proved that bacterial cells exist in two forms
1) Heat sensitive (vegetative cells) does reproduce
2) Heat resistant (endospores) can survive million of yearsnot
reproductive(save copy of DNA)
29. vegetative form: all bacterial under favorable conditions exist in this form
30. fermentation: (1857 Louis Pasteur)
-Alcohol + CO2
-Acid
-Acid + Alcohol +C02 (not simultaneously)
31. fermentation: organic compound converted to another organic compound by
microorganisms in absent of oxygen
(Anaerobic)
32. vegetative cells: all bacteria when they are metabolic active and reproducing
-when they are young and multiplying
-they are heat sensitive, can be killed by UV rays and boiling
33. Endospores: are metabolically inactive and heat resistant
-can survive million of years
=not reproductive (save copy of DNA)
, MCB2010: EXAM 1
34. simple microscope: has only one magnifying lens
35. compound microscope: has more than one magnifying lenses
36. bright field microscope: it forma a dark image against a bright background. it
can be used to observe live or preserved, stained or unstained specimens.
EX:
bacteria is not living
-IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH
AS ENDOSPORES, DNA, RIBOSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS
37. Dark field microscope: specimens appears light against a dark background.
it is commonly used to observe organism that are sensitive to heat or
desiccation (dryness).
-IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH
AS ENDOSPRES, DNA, RIBSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS, OR NON- LIVING
CELLS
-used to examine urine
38. medium/ media: any substance that support facilitate the growth of
microorganism
-most commonly used in the lab is nutrient Agar(solvent) or -Broth(liquid)
39. culture: cluster or group of microorganism
40. pure culture: culture that has only one type of microorganism
-which can be bacteria, virus
-no part of our body has this
41. electron microscope: it does not use light, instead forms an image of the
specimen with a beam of electrons
-it can magnify an object from 10,000 to 100,000, because of its high resolving
power(o.3)
-it is most useful to observe cell ultra structures or very small microorganisms like
viruses
-no live specimen can be seen with this
-can see DNA
42. electron microscope: it is most useful to observe cell ultra structures or very
small microorganism like viruses
1. Microbiology: is a branch of biology that deals with scientific study of
microorganism such as: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and
parasites(protozoa,helminths, and some insects)
2. prokaryotic cell: bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
3. eukaryotic cell: (fungi, protozoa, green algae, animals, and plants)
4. mycosis: any disease caused by fungi
5. virus: need a host to live-they are non-living because they need a host, but
can be living -are all parasites
6. yeast: unicellular fungi
7. mold: multi cellular fungi
8. pathogen: microorganism that has the potential to cause disease in a
compromised host (defense is down like skin)
9. infection: colonization of the host by pathogen without sign and symptoms
10. prokaryotic cell: before nucleus-dosent have nucleus yet-no nucleus, or
nuclear membrane -has dna, nuclear material, or nucleoid, chromatin
11. eukaryotic cell: has a nucleus-true nuclues
12. mycology: study of fungi
13. virology: study of viruses
14. bacteriology: study of bacteria
15. infectious disease: microorganism are involved
16. non-infectious disease: microorganisms are not involved
17. Anton Van Leeuwenhook: first observed microscope life (living cells) which
he called "animalcules"
18. Robert Hooke: made the first compound microscope and observed a thin
slide of cork -he was able to see, what he described as, little boxes or cells
19. spontaneous generation: is a theory of development of living forms from non
living matter -John Needham(English) supported this generation theory-
Francesco Redi(Italian) refuted the idea of this generation EX: toad, snakes,
mice, flies, manure of decaying corpses
20. louis pasteur: the issue of spontaneous generation was resolved by this
french scientist
1)he proved that microorganism are indeed present in the air and
2)they can contaminate sterile solutions but
, MCB2010: EXAM 1
3)air itself does not give rise to microbial life
21. rudolph virchow: (german) presented the theory of bio genesis
-living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells
22. aseptic surgery: was introduced by an English surgeon Joseph Lister in
1860.-reduces contamination
23. vaccination: introduce by a British physician named Edward Jenner in 1798.
24. true: life on earth can not survive without nuclear material?
25. germ theory of disease: proposed by Louis Pasteur in 1857
-proved by Robert Koch in 1876(specific bacteria cause specific disease) (not
microorganism) (very important)
26. Robert koch: proved germ theory of disease in 1876
27. pasteurization: (1857 Louis Pasteur)-a form of heat treatment that kills a
number of transmissible bacteria such as salmonella
28. John Tyndall: explained differences in results from different labs
-he proved that bacterial cells exist in two forms
1) Heat sensitive (vegetative cells) does reproduce
2) Heat resistant (endospores) can survive million of yearsnot
reproductive(save copy of DNA)
29. vegetative form: all bacterial under favorable conditions exist in this form
30. fermentation: (1857 Louis Pasteur)
-Alcohol + CO2
-Acid
-Acid + Alcohol +C02 (not simultaneously)
31. fermentation: organic compound converted to another organic compound by
microorganisms in absent of oxygen
(Anaerobic)
32. vegetative cells: all bacteria when they are metabolic active and reproducing
-when they are young and multiplying
-they are heat sensitive, can be killed by UV rays and boiling
33. Endospores: are metabolically inactive and heat resistant
-can survive million of years
=not reproductive (save copy of DNA)
, MCB2010: EXAM 1
34. simple microscope: has only one magnifying lens
35. compound microscope: has more than one magnifying lenses
36. bright field microscope: it forma a dark image against a bright background. it
can be used to observe live or preserved, stained or unstained specimens.
EX:
bacteria is not living
-IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH
AS ENDOSPORES, DNA, RIBOSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS
37. Dark field microscope: specimens appears light against a dark background.
it is commonly used to observe organism that are sensitive to heat or
desiccation (dryness).
-IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH
AS ENDOSPRES, DNA, RIBSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS, OR NON- LIVING
CELLS
-used to examine urine
38. medium/ media: any substance that support facilitate the growth of
microorganism
-most commonly used in the lab is nutrient Agar(solvent) or -Broth(liquid)
39. culture: cluster or group of microorganism
40. pure culture: culture that has only one type of microorganism
-which can be bacteria, virus
-no part of our body has this
41. electron microscope: it does not use light, instead forms an image of the
specimen with a beam of electrons
-it can magnify an object from 10,000 to 100,000, because of its high resolving
power(o.3)
-it is most useful to observe cell ultra structures or very small microorganisms like
viruses
-no live specimen can be seen with this
-can see DNA
42. electron microscope: it is most useful to observe cell ultra structures or very
small microorganism like viruses
