UMICH ANTHRO 101 EXAM 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Homologies - CORRECT ANSWER - similarities jointly inherited from a common
ancestor
Analogies - CORRECT ANSWER - not jointly inherited; similarities due to adapting in
similar ways
Sexual dimorphism - CORRECT ANSWER - pronounced anatomical and behavioral
differences between males and females
Brachiation - CORRECT ANSWER - swinging from branch to branch
Primate adaptations - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. grasping ability: arboreal; tree dwelling,
opposable thumb, precision grip (important in tool manufactoring and other motor tasks), nails
protect fingers while still providing grasp ability
2. smell to sight: sharper vision; primates eyes are larger in relative to nose, helps in better depth
3. nose to hand: learn through touch
4. increased brain complexity: primate brains are much larger and more complex
5. parental investment: single offspring, more attention
6. sociality: primates are social animals; like to be around each other, more care for offspring
means more people help in their care=more sociability required
Arboreal - CORRECT ANSWER - live in trees and are less sexually dimorphic
Terrestrial - CORRECT ANSWER - live on the ground and are more sexually dimorphic
, Prehensile tail - CORRECT ANSWER - "grasping": characteristic of arboreal animals,
spider monkey
Three attributes of language - CORRECT ANSWER - Cultural transmission: learning
language from others (Koko teaching the cat sign language)
Productivity: combining signs to make meaningful new expressions (Koko:
Radish=cry+hurt+fruit, Ketchup=tomato+toothpaste)
Displacement: referring to things that aren't present (lying: complex use of displacement)
Human-primate similarities - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. learning (baboons, chimps use
medicinal leaves)
2. tools (chimps make tools by chewing up leaves)
3. hunting (chimps hunt baby baboons)
Human-primate differences - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. anatomical (brain size, walk)
2. sharing and cooperation (core of society)
3. aggression and dominance
4. mating and kinship
Hominid - CORRECT ANSWER - all members of the great apes lineage (diverging from
the lesser apes), including gorillas, chimps and humans
Hominin - CORRECT ANSWER - all members of the human lineage, after diverging from
ancestral apes
Bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER - bipedal locomotion (walking upright) changes:
pelvis, spine; humans: curved spine, others: straight spine (importance and advantages)
ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Homologies - CORRECT ANSWER - similarities jointly inherited from a common
ancestor
Analogies - CORRECT ANSWER - not jointly inherited; similarities due to adapting in
similar ways
Sexual dimorphism - CORRECT ANSWER - pronounced anatomical and behavioral
differences between males and females
Brachiation - CORRECT ANSWER - swinging from branch to branch
Primate adaptations - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. grasping ability: arboreal; tree dwelling,
opposable thumb, precision grip (important in tool manufactoring and other motor tasks), nails
protect fingers while still providing grasp ability
2. smell to sight: sharper vision; primates eyes are larger in relative to nose, helps in better depth
3. nose to hand: learn through touch
4. increased brain complexity: primate brains are much larger and more complex
5. parental investment: single offspring, more attention
6. sociality: primates are social animals; like to be around each other, more care for offspring
means more people help in their care=more sociability required
Arboreal - CORRECT ANSWER - live in trees and are less sexually dimorphic
Terrestrial - CORRECT ANSWER - live on the ground and are more sexually dimorphic
, Prehensile tail - CORRECT ANSWER - "grasping": characteristic of arboreal animals,
spider monkey
Three attributes of language - CORRECT ANSWER - Cultural transmission: learning
language from others (Koko teaching the cat sign language)
Productivity: combining signs to make meaningful new expressions (Koko:
Radish=cry+hurt+fruit, Ketchup=tomato+toothpaste)
Displacement: referring to things that aren't present (lying: complex use of displacement)
Human-primate similarities - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. learning (baboons, chimps use
medicinal leaves)
2. tools (chimps make tools by chewing up leaves)
3. hunting (chimps hunt baby baboons)
Human-primate differences - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. anatomical (brain size, walk)
2. sharing and cooperation (core of society)
3. aggression and dominance
4. mating and kinship
Hominid - CORRECT ANSWER - all members of the great apes lineage (diverging from
the lesser apes), including gorillas, chimps and humans
Hominin - CORRECT ANSWER - all members of the human lineage, after diverging from
ancestral apes
Bipedalism - CORRECT ANSWER - bipedal locomotion (walking upright) changes:
pelvis, spine; humans: curved spine, others: straight spine (importance and advantages)
