1. Which of the following is the most common cause of viral
meningitis in children?
A. Enterovirus
B. Herpes simplex virus
C. Epstein-Barr virus
D. Adenovirus
Answer: A. Enterovirus
Rationale: Enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus and echovirus,
are the most frequent causes of viral meningitis in children.
2. What is the most common cause of febrile seizures?
A. Meningitis
B. Viral infection
C. Head trauma
D. Metabolic disorders
Answer: B. Viral infection
Rationale: Febrile seizures often occur with rapid fever onset during
common viral infections like roseola.
3. What is the most common bacterial cause of acute
epiglottitis in children?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
C. Group A Streptococcus
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: B. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Rationale: Hib was the leading cause of epiglottitis before
widespread vaccination. Vaccinated children rarely develop this
condition.
4. What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures?
A. Antipyretics
B. Antiepileptics
C. Antibiotics
D. Corticosteroids
Answer: A. Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are typically benign. Managing fever
, with antipyretics and treating the underlying infection is sufficient.
5. What is the most likely diagnosis in a child with a high fever
followed by a maculopapular rash?
A. Measles
B. Roseola
C. Rubella
D. Fifth disease
Answer: B. Roseola
Rationale: Roseola, caused by human herpesvirus 6, presents with a
high fever that resolves before a rash appears.
6. Which of the following is the most common cause of
respiratory distress in a newborn?
A. Pneumonia
B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
C. Meconium aspiration syndrome
D. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Answer: B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
Rationale: TTN is the most common cause of respiratory distress in
newborns, often due to delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. It
typically resolves within 48-72 hours.
7. What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
worldwide?
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Salmonella
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in
children, particularly in developing countries.
8. Which of the following is the most common type of
childhood leukemia?
A. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
D. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
meningitis in children?
A. Enterovirus
B. Herpes simplex virus
C. Epstein-Barr virus
D. Adenovirus
Answer: A. Enterovirus
Rationale: Enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus and echovirus,
are the most frequent causes of viral meningitis in children.
2. What is the most common cause of febrile seizures?
A. Meningitis
B. Viral infection
C. Head trauma
D. Metabolic disorders
Answer: B. Viral infection
Rationale: Febrile seizures often occur with rapid fever onset during
common viral infections like roseola.
3. What is the most common bacterial cause of acute
epiglottitis in children?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
C. Group A Streptococcus
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: B. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Rationale: Hib was the leading cause of epiglottitis before
widespread vaccination. Vaccinated children rarely develop this
condition.
4. What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures?
A. Antipyretics
B. Antiepileptics
C. Antibiotics
D. Corticosteroids
Answer: A. Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are typically benign. Managing fever
, with antipyretics and treating the underlying infection is sufficient.
5. What is the most likely diagnosis in a child with a high fever
followed by a maculopapular rash?
A. Measles
B. Roseola
C. Rubella
D. Fifth disease
Answer: B. Roseola
Rationale: Roseola, caused by human herpesvirus 6, presents with a
high fever that resolves before a rash appears.
6. Which of the following is the most common cause of
respiratory distress in a newborn?
A. Pneumonia
B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
C. Meconium aspiration syndrome
D. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Answer: B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
Rationale: TTN is the most common cause of respiratory distress in
newborns, often due to delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. It
typically resolves within 48-72 hours.
7. What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
worldwide?
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Salmonella
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in
children, particularly in developing countries.
8. Which of the following is the most common type of
childhood leukemia?
A. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
D. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
