Food Microbiology Pactice Exam
what are microorganisms? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅large, diverse group of free-living
organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye
- ubiquitous
pathogenic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organisms capable of causing disease
beneficial - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organisms involved in preserving foodstuffs via
fermentation and probiotics
spoilage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organisms that are responsible for deleterious
alterations in a foodstuff's texture, appearance, or flavor
egocentric scheme of microogransism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. pathogenic
2. spoilage
3. beneficial
types of microorganisms... 2 schemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅egocentric scheme
biology based scheme
biology based scheme of microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. protozoa
2. bacteria
3. fungi
4. viruses
protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single-celled eukaryotic organisms, many of which
are motile
,bactera - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single-celled diverse ubiquitous organisms
fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single or multi-celled eukaryotic organisms such as:
yeasts
molds
mushrooms
viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅simple obligate host-specific parasites (require a host
to replicate), non-living?
characteristics of protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- single-celled organisms
- vertebrae host required to complete a life-cycle
- most common food borne parasitic protozoan:
* cryptosporidium
* toxoplasma
*Giardia
- consumption of undercooked meat and raw products
- can invade body tissue
- sensitive to heat and freezing
- most are motile
Characteristics of molds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- commonly found in moist, nutrient-
rich, oxygen containing environments
- larger than bacteria
- grow by thread like filaments called hyphae.
- tangled mass of hyphae = mycelium
- reproduce asexually and sexually by binary fission, budding, and fragmentation
- spores are easily spread by air or carried on insects and animals
,- most associated with foods are non-pathogenic, but some can produce potent toxins
- 20-30% world's food supply is lost to fungal spoilage
- can produce mycotxins
- can produce antibiotics
where are molds commonly found? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅moist, nutrient-rich,
oxygen containing environments
how do molds grow? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅thread-like filaments called hyphae
- a tangled mass of hyphae = mycelium
mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅tangled mass of hyphae (the thread-like filaments
by which molds grow)
hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅thread-like filaments by which molds grow.
- form mycelium
how to molds reproduce? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅asexually or sexually
- binary fission
- budding
-fragmentation
how much of the world's supply is lost to fungal spoilage? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅20-
30%
characteristics of yeast - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- larger than bacteria
- usually egg-shaped
- single-celled organisms
- reproduce by budding
, - easily killed by heating
- ferment sugars to alcohol and CO2
- several food uses
characteristics of viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- obligate parasites (need a living cell
to reproduce)
- a protein coat (capsid) enclosing a core of nueic acid (DNA or RNA), very small
- spread by infected food handlers, typically due to poor hand washing
- some are pathogenic:
*hepatitis A green onions
*norovirus 0- cruise ships
*HIV/AIDS not associated with food or handling food
hepatitis A - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅green onions
HIV/AIDS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅not associated with food or handling food
Characteristics of bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- largest group of microogransims
- thousands of species
- some are pathogenic, others are harmless, and some are beneficial
- some may produce endospores to survive adverse conditions
what is the largest group of microorganisms? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅bacteria
endospores - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- produced by some bacteria
to survive adverse conditions
- particularly resistant to heat, drying and chemicals
- can later germinate and grow into active cells
what are microorganisms? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅large, diverse group of free-living
organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye
- ubiquitous
pathogenic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organisms capable of causing disease
beneficial - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organisms involved in preserving foodstuffs via
fermentation and probiotics
spoilage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organisms that are responsible for deleterious
alterations in a foodstuff's texture, appearance, or flavor
egocentric scheme of microogransism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. pathogenic
2. spoilage
3. beneficial
types of microorganisms... 2 schemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅egocentric scheme
biology based scheme
biology based scheme of microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. protozoa
2. bacteria
3. fungi
4. viruses
protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single-celled eukaryotic organisms, many of which
are motile
,bactera - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single-celled diverse ubiquitous organisms
fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅single or multi-celled eukaryotic organisms such as:
yeasts
molds
mushrooms
viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅simple obligate host-specific parasites (require a host
to replicate), non-living?
characteristics of protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- single-celled organisms
- vertebrae host required to complete a life-cycle
- most common food borne parasitic protozoan:
* cryptosporidium
* toxoplasma
*Giardia
- consumption of undercooked meat and raw products
- can invade body tissue
- sensitive to heat and freezing
- most are motile
Characteristics of molds - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- commonly found in moist, nutrient-
rich, oxygen containing environments
- larger than bacteria
- grow by thread like filaments called hyphae.
- tangled mass of hyphae = mycelium
- reproduce asexually and sexually by binary fission, budding, and fragmentation
- spores are easily spread by air or carried on insects and animals
,- most associated with foods are non-pathogenic, but some can produce potent toxins
- 20-30% world's food supply is lost to fungal spoilage
- can produce mycotxins
- can produce antibiotics
where are molds commonly found? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅moist, nutrient-rich,
oxygen containing environments
how do molds grow? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅thread-like filaments called hyphae
- a tangled mass of hyphae = mycelium
mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅tangled mass of hyphae (the thread-like filaments
by which molds grow)
hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅thread-like filaments by which molds grow.
- form mycelium
how to molds reproduce? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅asexually or sexually
- binary fission
- budding
-fragmentation
how much of the world's supply is lost to fungal spoilage? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅20-
30%
characteristics of yeast - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- larger than bacteria
- usually egg-shaped
- single-celled organisms
- reproduce by budding
, - easily killed by heating
- ferment sugars to alcohol and CO2
- several food uses
characteristics of viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- obligate parasites (need a living cell
to reproduce)
- a protein coat (capsid) enclosing a core of nueic acid (DNA or RNA), very small
- spread by infected food handlers, typically due to poor hand washing
- some are pathogenic:
*hepatitis A green onions
*norovirus 0- cruise ships
*HIV/AIDS not associated with food or handling food
hepatitis A - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅green onions
HIV/AIDS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅not associated with food or handling food
Characteristics of bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- largest group of microogransims
- thousands of species
- some are pathogenic, others are harmless, and some are beneficial
- some may produce endospores to survive adverse conditions
what is the largest group of microorganisms? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅bacteria
endospores - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- produced by some bacteria
to survive adverse conditions
- particularly resistant to heat, drying and chemicals
- can later germinate and grow into active cells
