BSN315 Hesi Practice Questions And Answers 100% Verified
What education should the nurse direct a client who is being prescribed a new
medication, sildenafil? Select all that apply.
1. Taking it too often may cause a patient to develop high blood pressure.
2. This drug works best if taken at least 6 hours after REM sleep.
3. Must be taken within 30-60 minutes of sexual stimulation.
4. Patient experiences rebound priapism for 4 or more hours
5. Facilitates facial flushing and headache.
3. Must be taken within 30-60 minutes of sexual stimulation.
4. Rebound priapism that lasts for 4 hours or more.
5. Can cause facial flushing and headache.
Rationale
Sildenafil enhances the normal response to sexual stimulation, therefore a client should
be educated that Viagra is taken within 30 to 60 minutes before sexual intercourse to
allow enough time to enhance penile erection. Sildenafil does not cause direct erection,
but priapism can occur and should be reported to the healthcare provider if it lasts.
Common side effects include headaches, facial flushing, and diarrhea. Sildenafil can
potentiate vasodilators, such as alpha-adrenergic blockers, nitroglycerin, and other
nitrates used for angina pectoris, and may cause hypotension, which decreases
perfusion to vital organs.
A resident of a long-term care facility is taking lithium carbonate to treat bipolar
disorder. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client's caregivers?
1.Offer the morning dose of the medicine before breakfast.
,2.If the medication is not easy to swallow, have the client chew and swallow it
3.Provide fluids that are high in energy, such as sports drinks or soda
4Educate on symptoms of hypothyroidism which include fatigue and constipation
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue and constipation.
Rationale
Lithium carbonate causes hypothyroidism in 1 to 4% of those patients who receive the
medication, and caregivers should always watch for signs of hypothyroidism, such as
fatigue and constipation (early signs), and myxedema or goiter (late signs).
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When initiated for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy, the therapeutic effect of
lactulose is to
1. Reduce the colonic pH.
2. Lumpify the stool.
3. Enhance glucose absorption.
4. Activate peristalsis.
Reduces colon pH.
Reasoning
Colonic bacteria metabolise lactulose to create a pharmacologic acidic and osmotic
environment that stimulates the influx of water and blood ammonia into the colon. In the
client, the physiologic effect of lactulose is the reducing of colon pH that impedes the
diffusion of ammonia into bloodstream.
A female client is placed on cefadroxil for a urinary tract infection. The client reports to
the nurse that she is on OCP. Which of the following should the nurse report to the
client?
,1. The antibiotic is less effective when OCP are being taken.
2. The combination of these medications puts her at greater risk for adverse events.
3. Avoid direct sun exposure when taking the antibiotic.
4. Employ a back-up method of contraception until your period
Use a back-up method of contraception until your period.
Rationale
Cephalosporins like cefadroxil may inhibit oral contraceptives and the patient should be
encouraged to use a back-up method of contraception. More studies need to be carried
out to know if there is an association.
A client is ordered sulfamethoxazole-trimoprim for a UTI. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse provide to the client?
1.Eat food before the antibiotic
2. Drinks at least 8 glasses of water a day
3. Take the medication with grapefruit juice
4. Avoid direct sunlight for long hours
Drinks at least 8 glasses of water a day
Rationale
To minimize the potential for renal damage due to crystalluria associated with
sulfamethoxazole, the client should be instructed to consume at least 8 glasses of water
per day. To increase absorption, sulfamethoxazole should be given on an empty
stomach.
The nurse is reviewing a new prescription for a client who is hospitalized on the
psychiatric unit and has depression. The client has been prescribed phenelzine, a
, monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). What information is most relevant for the nurse to
review?
1.Any alcohol or tyramine-rich foods intake.
2.Presence of nausea or vomiting.
3.Therapeutic serum drug levels.
4.Blood pressure and pulse before administration of each dose
Any alcohol or tyramine-rich foods intake.
Rationale
Tyramine is found in aged cheeses, fermented fruits and vegetables, smoked or cured
meats, dark wines, and other fermented alcoholic beverages. It must be avoided during
the intake of any of the above foods and beverages as these can cause food-drug
interaction to result in hypertensive crisis potentially leading to hemorrhagic stroke.
A male client is receiving cefotaxime IV for meningitis and asks the nurse why he cannot
take an oral medication, such as cefaclor or cefadroxil, that he has taken previously for
infections. Choose the nurse's appropriate response based on the cephalosporins'
mechanism of action.
1. Cefazolin is another IV antibiotic that can be ordered.
2. Cefaclor is a good medication to recommend to the healthcare provider.
3. Cefadroxil is usually ordered when the IV is to be discontinued.
4. Cefotaxime reaches therapeutic CNS concentrations.
Cefotaxime provides therapeutic CNS concentrations.
Explanation
Only third-generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime have been
effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis except for cefuroxime, which is the only
second-generation cephalosporin that has been effective. First-generation
cephalosporins have no efficacy against bacterial meningitis. In terms of the route of
administration of the said antibiotics, IV administration is preferred since oral intake has
levels of medication too low to be effective compared to parental administration.
What education should the nurse direct a client who is being prescribed a new
medication, sildenafil? Select all that apply.
1. Taking it too often may cause a patient to develop high blood pressure.
2. This drug works best if taken at least 6 hours after REM sleep.
3. Must be taken within 30-60 minutes of sexual stimulation.
4. Patient experiences rebound priapism for 4 or more hours
5. Facilitates facial flushing and headache.
3. Must be taken within 30-60 minutes of sexual stimulation.
4. Rebound priapism that lasts for 4 hours or more.
5. Can cause facial flushing and headache.
Rationale
Sildenafil enhances the normal response to sexual stimulation, therefore a client should
be educated that Viagra is taken within 30 to 60 minutes before sexual intercourse to
allow enough time to enhance penile erection. Sildenafil does not cause direct erection,
but priapism can occur and should be reported to the healthcare provider if it lasts.
Common side effects include headaches, facial flushing, and diarrhea. Sildenafil can
potentiate vasodilators, such as alpha-adrenergic blockers, nitroglycerin, and other
nitrates used for angina pectoris, and may cause hypotension, which decreases
perfusion to vital organs.
A resident of a long-term care facility is taking lithium carbonate to treat bipolar
disorder. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client's caregivers?
1.Offer the morning dose of the medicine before breakfast.
,2.If the medication is not easy to swallow, have the client chew and swallow it
3.Provide fluids that are high in energy, such as sports drinks or soda
4Educate on symptoms of hypothyroidism which include fatigue and constipation
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue and constipation.
Rationale
Lithium carbonate causes hypothyroidism in 1 to 4% of those patients who receive the
medication, and caregivers should always watch for signs of hypothyroidism, such as
fatigue and constipation (early signs), and myxedema or goiter (late signs).
We have a solution to this problem written by an expert!
When initiated for a patient with hepatic encephalopathy, the therapeutic effect of
lactulose is to
1. Reduce the colonic pH.
2. Lumpify the stool.
3. Enhance glucose absorption.
4. Activate peristalsis.
Reduces colon pH.
Reasoning
Colonic bacteria metabolise lactulose to create a pharmacologic acidic and osmotic
environment that stimulates the influx of water and blood ammonia into the colon. In the
client, the physiologic effect of lactulose is the reducing of colon pH that impedes the
diffusion of ammonia into bloodstream.
A female client is placed on cefadroxil for a urinary tract infection. The client reports to
the nurse that she is on OCP. Which of the following should the nurse report to the
client?
,1. The antibiotic is less effective when OCP are being taken.
2. The combination of these medications puts her at greater risk for adverse events.
3. Avoid direct sun exposure when taking the antibiotic.
4. Employ a back-up method of contraception until your period
Use a back-up method of contraception until your period.
Rationale
Cephalosporins like cefadroxil may inhibit oral contraceptives and the patient should be
encouraged to use a back-up method of contraception. More studies need to be carried
out to know if there is an association.
A client is ordered sulfamethoxazole-trimoprim for a UTI. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse provide to the client?
1.Eat food before the antibiotic
2. Drinks at least 8 glasses of water a day
3. Take the medication with grapefruit juice
4. Avoid direct sunlight for long hours
Drinks at least 8 glasses of water a day
Rationale
To minimize the potential for renal damage due to crystalluria associated with
sulfamethoxazole, the client should be instructed to consume at least 8 glasses of water
per day. To increase absorption, sulfamethoxazole should be given on an empty
stomach.
The nurse is reviewing a new prescription for a client who is hospitalized on the
psychiatric unit and has depression. The client has been prescribed phenelzine, a
, monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). What information is most relevant for the nurse to
review?
1.Any alcohol or tyramine-rich foods intake.
2.Presence of nausea or vomiting.
3.Therapeutic serum drug levels.
4.Blood pressure and pulse before administration of each dose
Any alcohol or tyramine-rich foods intake.
Rationale
Tyramine is found in aged cheeses, fermented fruits and vegetables, smoked or cured
meats, dark wines, and other fermented alcoholic beverages. It must be avoided during
the intake of any of the above foods and beverages as these can cause food-drug
interaction to result in hypertensive crisis potentially leading to hemorrhagic stroke.
A male client is receiving cefotaxime IV for meningitis and asks the nurse why he cannot
take an oral medication, such as cefaclor or cefadroxil, that he has taken previously for
infections. Choose the nurse's appropriate response based on the cephalosporins'
mechanism of action.
1. Cefazolin is another IV antibiotic that can be ordered.
2. Cefaclor is a good medication to recommend to the healthcare provider.
3. Cefadroxil is usually ordered when the IV is to be discontinued.
4. Cefotaxime reaches therapeutic CNS concentrations.
Cefotaxime provides therapeutic CNS concentrations.
Explanation
Only third-generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime have been
effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis except for cefuroxime, which is the only
second-generation cephalosporin that has been effective. First-generation
cephalosporins have no efficacy against bacterial meningitis. In terms of the route of
administration of the said antibiotics, IV administration is preferred since oral intake has
levels of medication too low to be effective compared to parental administration.
