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Samenvatting PGO Blok 2 jaar 1 taak 11

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PGO Blok 2 jaar 1 taak 11

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Uploaded on
May 3, 2020
Number of pages
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Written in
2019/2020
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, Hoofdvraag: Hoe is een dier te trainen en wat gebeurd er daarbij in de hersenen?
Bij Trainen maak je gebruik van:

Beloningsschema:

 Fixed ratio
 Variabel ratio
 Fixed interval
 Variabele interval

Bekrachtigingsschema:
 Positive reinforcement
 Negative reinforcement
 Negative punishment
 Positive Punishment:

Onvoorwaardelijk en voorwaardelijk (moet je aanleren!) bekrachtigen:

 onvoorwaardelijke beloning: brokje, aai
 onvoorwaardelijke straf: schrik, ongemak
 voorwaardelijke beloning: ‘braaf’
 voorwaardelijke straf: ‘foei’

Methodes:

 Inprenting
 Imitatie/sociaal leren
 Habituatie en gewenning/associative learning
 Exploratie/omgevingsleer
 Operant leren
 Spel
 Trail and error
 Inzicht/problemsolving

Wat gebeurd er in de hersenen:

Verandering vind plaats op het niveau waarop connecties worden gemaakt tussen neuronen:
Nieuwe connecties vormen van de interne structuur en de interne structuur van de aanwezige
synapsen veranderen. De banen tussen synapsen en neuronen in de motor cortex worden sterker
(snelwegen i.p.v. landweg)

Korte en lange termijngeheugen slaan allebei informatie op in de cerebral cortex (hersenschors).
Voor korte termijn geheugen worden er tijdelijke linken gevormd in de hippocampus. Wanneer de
informatie op lange termijn onthouden moet worden, worden de linken in de hippocampus
vervangen door connecties in de hersenschors zelf.
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