©BRIGHSTARS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter 21 Orthopedic Surgery EXAM
Study Guide.
Abduction - Answer✔move away from mid-line or turn outward
AC Joint - Answer✔allows movement of the scrapula beyond what is allowed at the
sternoclavicular joint
adduction - Answer✔moving of a body part toward the central axis of the body
amphiarthrosis - Answer✔slightly movable joint
avascular necrosis - Answer✔death of tissue due to insufficient blood supply
cancellous bone - Answer✔spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
cartilage - Answer✔strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more
flexible than bone
comminuted - Answer✔A fracture in which the bone is broken or splintered into pieces
compartmental syndrome - Answer✔Increased pressure in a confined space. Fascia or cast etc.
leads to hypoxic injury from swelling. 5 P's; Pain, Pallor, Parasthesia, Paralysis, Decreased
perfusion (neurovascular compromise.). immediate tx: fasciotomy
compound fracture - Answer✔fracture in which the broken ends of the bone protrude through the
skin
cortical bone - Answer✔hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone; also called
compact bone
delayed union - Answer✔Used to describe an increase in the healing time of fractures. The
reasons are pathalogical (osteoporosis), mechanical (distraction of the fracture site or inadequate
immobilization), or traumatic, referring to the type of injury sustained.
diarthrosis - Answer✔a joint so articulated as to move freely
distraction - Answer✔separation of tissues in the body created by tensile forces
epiphysis - Answer✔the end of a long bone
flexion - Answer✔bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
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ligament - Answer✔a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or
supporting muscles or organs
malunion - Answer✔Occurs when the fracture heals in a position that does not resemble the
original anatomical form of the bone and alters the mechanical function of the bone.
marrow - Answer✔the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
nonunion - Answer✔Fractured bones ends do not unite
osteogenesis - Answer✔Bone formation
proximal - Answer✔closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to
the body trunk
shoulder joint - Answer✔joint formed by the glenoid fossa and the head of the humerus; loose
shallow joint that permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body; ball and socket
diarthrosis
splint - Answer✔an orthopedic mechanical device used to immobilize and protect a part of the
body (as a broken leg)
valgus - Answer✔turned outward ; especially : of, relating to, or being a deformity in which an
anatomical part is turned outward away from the midline of the body to an abnormal degree
Cancellous - Answer✔spongy bone contains trabecule found in epiphysis and in center of flat
bones
bursa - Answer✔small sac lubricates for joint movement
irregular bones - Answer✔vertebrae, facial bones
red bone marrow - Answer✔produces RBSs, platelets, and WBCs
short bones - Answer✔carpal and tarsal bones
flat bones - Answer✔ribs, sternum, cranial bones
yellow bone marrow - Answer✔fat center of shaft in adults
joint - Answer✔articulation
epiphyseal joint - Answer✔area of active bone growth
periosteum - Answer✔covering of bone anchors tendons and ligaments; nourishes bone
tendon - Answer✔connects muscle to bone
ligament - Answer✔connects bone to bone
sesamoid bone - Answer✔found with in tendons
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Chapter 21 Orthopedic Surgery EXAM
Study Guide.
Abduction - Answer✔move away from mid-line or turn outward
AC Joint - Answer✔allows movement of the scrapula beyond what is allowed at the
sternoclavicular joint
adduction - Answer✔moving of a body part toward the central axis of the body
amphiarthrosis - Answer✔slightly movable joint
avascular necrosis - Answer✔death of tissue due to insufficient blood supply
cancellous bone - Answer✔spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
cartilage - Answer✔strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more
flexible than bone
comminuted - Answer✔A fracture in which the bone is broken or splintered into pieces
compartmental syndrome - Answer✔Increased pressure in a confined space. Fascia or cast etc.
leads to hypoxic injury from swelling. 5 P's; Pain, Pallor, Parasthesia, Paralysis, Decreased
perfusion (neurovascular compromise.). immediate tx: fasciotomy
compound fracture - Answer✔fracture in which the broken ends of the bone protrude through the
skin
cortical bone - Answer✔hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone; also called
compact bone
delayed union - Answer✔Used to describe an increase in the healing time of fractures. The
reasons are pathalogical (osteoporosis), mechanical (distraction of the fracture site or inadequate
immobilization), or traumatic, referring to the type of injury sustained.
diarthrosis - Answer✔a joint so articulated as to move freely
distraction - Answer✔separation of tissues in the body created by tensile forces
epiphysis - Answer✔the end of a long bone
flexion - Answer✔bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
1|Page
, ©BRIGHSTARS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ligament - Answer✔a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or
supporting muscles or organs
malunion - Answer✔Occurs when the fracture heals in a position that does not resemble the
original anatomical form of the bone and alters the mechanical function of the bone.
marrow - Answer✔the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
nonunion - Answer✔Fractured bones ends do not unite
osteogenesis - Answer✔Bone formation
proximal - Answer✔closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to
the body trunk
shoulder joint - Answer✔joint formed by the glenoid fossa and the head of the humerus; loose
shallow joint that permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body; ball and socket
diarthrosis
splint - Answer✔an orthopedic mechanical device used to immobilize and protect a part of the
body (as a broken leg)
valgus - Answer✔turned outward ; especially : of, relating to, or being a deformity in which an
anatomical part is turned outward away from the midline of the body to an abnormal degree
Cancellous - Answer✔spongy bone contains trabecule found in epiphysis and in center of flat
bones
bursa - Answer✔small sac lubricates for joint movement
irregular bones - Answer✔vertebrae, facial bones
red bone marrow - Answer✔produces RBSs, platelets, and WBCs
short bones - Answer✔carpal and tarsal bones
flat bones - Answer✔ribs, sternum, cranial bones
yellow bone marrow - Answer✔fat center of shaft in adults
joint - Answer✔articulation
epiphyseal joint - Answer✔area of active bone growth
periosteum - Answer✔covering of bone anchors tendons and ligaments; nourishes bone
tendon - Answer✔connects muscle to bone
ligament - Answer✔connects bone to bone
sesamoid bone - Answer✔found with in tendons
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