PEL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% CORRECT
Person-in-Environment - ANSWER-A practice-guiding principle in social work that
highlights the importance of understanding an individual and individual behavior in light
of the environmental contexts in which that person lives and acts.
Systems Theory - ANSWER-theory that describes the interconnected elements of a
system in which a change in one element affects all of the other elements
Psychosocial Development Theory - ANSWER-explains personality development and
the acquisition of social skills and social attitudes
social learning theory - ANSWER-the theory that we learn social behavior by observing
and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
cognitive development theory - ANSWER-theory that explains the mechanism and
process by which children develops into individual who can reason and hypotheses.
Schemas - ANSWER-Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret
information.
Accommodation (cognitive development) - ANSWER-when existing schemas do not
work and we need to change to deal with a new object or situations.
Assimilation (cognitive development) - ANSWER-using existing schemas to deal with
new object or situations
cognitive development - ANSWER-reorganization of mental process by biological
maturation and environmental exposure.
crisis intervention model - ANSWER-1. conduct BPS and lethality danger assessment
2. develop rapport
3. ID major problems
4. explore feelings and emotions
5. generate and explore new coping strategies
6. restore function through action plan
7. plan follow up
internal validity - ANSWER-the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are
due to the manipulation of the independent variable
,Bias in research - ANSWER-True findings distorted due a factor other than the one
studied
test-retest reliability - ANSWER-a method for determining the reliability of a test by
comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions
split-half reliability - ANSWER-A measure of reliability in which a test is split into two
parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared.
inter-rater reliability - ANSWER-A measure of how similarly two different test scorers
would score a test.
Transpersonal Theory - ANSWER-Proposes additional stages beyond the adult ego. In
healthy individuals, these stages contribute to creativity, wisdom, and altruism. In
people lacking healthy ego development, experiences can lead to psychosis
biopyschosocial model - ANSWER-a model of health that integrates the effects of
biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness
Behavioral Theory - ANSWER-behavior is learned and can be reinforced or modified.
behavior is learned by conditioning
Conflict Theory - ANSWER-a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as
composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources
Social Ecological Model - ANSWER-individual, relationship, community, societal
conflict resolution - ANSWER-the process of ending a conflict through cooperation and
problem solving
Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) - ANSWER-Leveled or differentiated academic
or behavior approaches to teaching and learning. These generally include primary (for
all students), secondary (for some students), and tertiary (for a few students)
supports/interventions.
IEP (Individualized Education Plan) - ANSWER-A written statement that spells out a
program specifically tailored to a child with a disability.
IEP Eligibility Process - ANSWER-1. identify child- parent referral or "Child find"
2. evaluate child
3. eligibility is decided
4. IEP meeting & IEP is written
5. services provided
6. progress measured
- school has 30 days after child is found eligible to write IEP
, IEP Evaluation topics - ANSWER-- health,
- vision and hearing,
- social and emotional status,
- general intelligence,
- academic performance,
- communicative status, and
- motor abilities
Progress Monitoring - ANSWER-Tests that keep the teacher informed about the child's
progress in learning to read during the school year. They are a quick sample of critical
reading skills that will tell the teacher if the child is making adequate progress toward
grade level reading ability at the end of the year.
Validity - ANSWER-The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
Reliability - ANSWER-Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual
over repeated testings
construct validity - ANSWER-The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures
a particular hypothetical construct.
criterion validity - ANSWER-how well a measure predicts an outcome for another
measure.
ex- the GRE measuring how well grad students perform
content validity - ANSWER-The degree to which the content of a test is representative
of the domain it's supposed to cover.
external validity - ANSWER-the extent to which the results of a study can be
generalized to other situations and to other people
internal consistency - ANSWER-how well a test is actually measuring what you want it
to measure
central tendency - ANSWER-a measure that represents the typical response or the
behavior of a group as a whole
mean - ANSWER-average
Median - ANSWER-the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and
half are below it
Mode - ANSWER-The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.
100% CORRECT
Person-in-Environment - ANSWER-A practice-guiding principle in social work that
highlights the importance of understanding an individual and individual behavior in light
of the environmental contexts in which that person lives and acts.
Systems Theory - ANSWER-theory that describes the interconnected elements of a
system in which a change in one element affects all of the other elements
Psychosocial Development Theory - ANSWER-explains personality development and
the acquisition of social skills and social attitudes
social learning theory - ANSWER-the theory that we learn social behavior by observing
and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
cognitive development theory - ANSWER-theory that explains the mechanism and
process by which children develops into individual who can reason and hypotheses.
Schemas - ANSWER-Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret
information.
Accommodation (cognitive development) - ANSWER-when existing schemas do not
work and we need to change to deal with a new object or situations.
Assimilation (cognitive development) - ANSWER-using existing schemas to deal with
new object or situations
cognitive development - ANSWER-reorganization of mental process by biological
maturation and environmental exposure.
crisis intervention model - ANSWER-1. conduct BPS and lethality danger assessment
2. develop rapport
3. ID major problems
4. explore feelings and emotions
5. generate and explore new coping strategies
6. restore function through action plan
7. plan follow up
internal validity - ANSWER-the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are
due to the manipulation of the independent variable
,Bias in research - ANSWER-True findings distorted due a factor other than the one
studied
test-retest reliability - ANSWER-a method for determining the reliability of a test by
comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions
split-half reliability - ANSWER-A measure of reliability in which a test is split into two
parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared.
inter-rater reliability - ANSWER-A measure of how similarly two different test scorers
would score a test.
Transpersonal Theory - ANSWER-Proposes additional stages beyond the adult ego. In
healthy individuals, these stages contribute to creativity, wisdom, and altruism. In
people lacking healthy ego development, experiences can lead to psychosis
biopyschosocial model - ANSWER-a model of health that integrates the effects of
biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness
Behavioral Theory - ANSWER-behavior is learned and can be reinforced or modified.
behavior is learned by conditioning
Conflict Theory - ANSWER-a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as
composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources
Social Ecological Model - ANSWER-individual, relationship, community, societal
conflict resolution - ANSWER-the process of ending a conflict through cooperation and
problem solving
Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) - ANSWER-Leveled or differentiated academic
or behavior approaches to teaching and learning. These generally include primary (for
all students), secondary (for some students), and tertiary (for a few students)
supports/interventions.
IEP (Individualized Education Plan) - ANSWER-A written statement that spells out a
program specifically tailored to a child with a disability.
IEP Eligibility Process - ANSWER-1. identify child- parent referral or "Child find"
2. evaluate child
3. eligibility is decided
4. IEP meeting & IEP is written
5. services provided
6. progress measured
- school has 30 days after child is found eligible to write IEP
, IEP Evaluation topics - ANSWER-- health,
- vision and hearing,
- social and emotional status,
- general intelligence,
- academic performance,
- communicative status, and
- motor abilities
Progress Monitoring - ANSWER-Tests that keep the teacher informed about the child's
progress in learning to read during the school year. They are a quick sample of critical
reading skills that will tell the teacher if the child is making adequate progress toward
grade level reading ability at the end of the year.
Validity - ANSWER-The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
Reliability - ANSWER-Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual
over repeated testings
construct validity - ANSWER-The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures
a particular hypothetical construct.
criterion validity - ANSWER-how well a measure predicts an outcome for another
measure.
ex- the GRE measuring how well grad students perform
content validity - ANSWER-The degree to which the content of a test is representative
of the domain it's supposed to cover.
external validity - ANSWER-the extent to which the results of a study can be
generalized to other situations and to other people
internal consistency - ANSWER-how well a test is actually measuring what you want it
to measure
central tendency - ANSWER-a measure that represents the typical response or the
behavior of a group as a whole
mean - ANSWER-average
Median - ANSWER-the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and
half are below it
Mode - ANSWER-The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.
