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Timby Ch. 51 Caring for Clients with
Diabetes Mellitus. Exam Study Guide.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) - Answer✔A metabolic disorder of the pancreas, affects carbohydrate,
fat, and protein metabolism; the 7th cause of death in the US
type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) - Answer✔Characterized by an absence of insulin production
by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Onset is more likely in childhood
and adolescence, but can occur at any age
type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) - Answer✔Characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin
production; most common in aging adults
Hyperglycemia - Answer✔elevated blood glucose level
Carries glucose into body cells as their preferred source of energy; promotes the livers storage of
glucose as glycogen; inhibits the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose - Answer✔3
functions of insulin
Lipolysis - Answer✔Breakdown of fat
Ketones - Answer✔metabolic by products of fat metabolism
Ketoacidosis - Answer✔A form of metabolic acidosis that occurs when ketones accumulate in
the blood because of the total cessation of insulin production
Insulin resistance - Answer✔decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
glycosuria - Answer✔Glucose in the urine that appears when blood glucose level rises above
180mg/dL
Polyuria - Answer✔Excessive urine production
Polydipsia - Answer✔Excessive thirst
Polyphagia - Answer✔Eats more
Ketonemia - Answer✔Increased ketones in the blood
Kussmaul's respirations - Answer✔Fast, deep, labored breathing that's common in ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Answer✔More common in people with type 1 diabetes
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Timby Ch. 51 Caring for Clients with
Diabetes Mellitus. Exam Study Guide.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) - Answer✔A metabolic disorder of the pancreas, affects carbohydrate,
fat, and protein metabolism; the 7th cause of death in the US
type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) - Answer✔Characterized by an absence of insulin production
by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Onset is more likely in childhood
and adolescence, but can occur at any age
type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) - Answer✔Characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin
production; most common in aging adults
Hyperglycemia - Answer✔elevated blood glucose level
Carries glucose into body cells as their preferred source of energy; promotes the livers storage of
glucose as glycogen; inhibits the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose - Answer✔3
functions of insulin
Lipolysis - Answer✔Breakdown of fat
Ketones - Answer✔metabolic by products of fat metabolism
Ketoacidosis - Answer✔A form of metabolic acidosis that occurs when ketones accumulate in
the blood because of the total cessation of insulin production
Insulin resistance - Answer✔decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
glycosuria - Answer✔Glucose in the urine that appears when blood glucose level rises above
180mg/dL
Polyuria - Answer✔Excessive urine production
Polydipsia - Answer✔Excessive thirst
Polyphagia - Answer✔Eats more
Ketonemia - Answer✔Increased ketones in the blood
Kussmaul's respirations - Answer✔Fast, deep, labored breathing that's common in ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Answer✔More common in people with type 1 diabetes
1|Page
