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Samenvatting les 18 - De coördinatieve binding

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Deze samenvatting omvat: complexen - felle kleuren en vreemde eigenschappen De coördinatieve binding Valence Bond theorie voor complexen

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January 13, 2025
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De coördinatieve binding

1. Complexen - felle kleuren en vreemde eigenschappen
●​ grosso modo (che v overgangsmetalen) = elementen met lege of niet volledige d-orbitalen
●​ Gedragingen die niet verklaard kunnen w vanuit de conventionele scheikundige modellen
●​ Meest voorkomende gedragingen:
○​ absorberen uv zichtbaar licht (ze zijn dus gekleurd)
○​ volgen een niet-conventionele stoichiometrie
○​ overgangsmetalen = zeer goede redox-katalysatoren
○​ sommige verbindingen v overgangsmetalen zijn stabiel
●​ Grote gemeenschappelijke factor waarop alle modellen steunen = aanwezigheid v d-e– (of
f-e– vr hogere rijen)
●​ Alle eig v complexen kunnen verklaard w vanuit de distributie vd e– v
overgangsmetaalionen en hun interactie met liganden

2. De coördinatieve binding (definitie)
●​ = een binding waarbij een elektronenrijk ligand twee e– doneert in de lege d-orbitalen ve
overgangsmetaal
●​ = donor-acceptor binding

3. De Valence Bond theorie voor complexen
●​ complexen ontstaan door gecoördineerde covalente bindingen met lege bindende
metaalorbitalen
●​ Geometrie w bep door de hybridisatie vd lege metaalorbitalen
●​ Meest courante hybridisaties

Coördinatie Nr Hybridisatie Basis Oriëntatie
(CN)

2 sp Lineair

3 sp2 Trigonaal planair

4 sp3 Tetraëdrisch
dsp2 Vlak planair

5 d3sp of dsp3 Trigonale bipyramidaal

6 d2sp3 of sp3d2 Octaëdrisch


zie pg 284-286 voorbeelden
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