WGU C458 HEALTH, WELLNESS AND FITNESS STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Amphetamines Uppers, stimulants. Legitimate and useful medical ap-
plications, but often abused. Example Ritalin for ADHD.
Adderall for obesity, ADHD and narcolepsy.
2. Ecstasy MDMA. Club drug often used at all night dance parties
(raves). Stimulant that increases heart rate and blood
pressure and can lead to heart or kidney failure; regular
use produces long-lasting, perhaps permanent, damage
to your brains ability to think and store memories.
3. Hallucinogens Substances that occur naturally or produce synthetically
that distort user's perception of reality; cause sensory illu-
sions that make it difficult to distinguish fact from fantasy.
Example: LSD, peyote, PCP.
4. Barbiturates Historically represented one of nations biggest drug
abuse problems. Generally known as downers, often tak-
en as a way of escaping problems of daily living. Effects
range from person feeling drowsy, uninhibited, and intox-
icated to intoxication and staggering as if drunk, slurred
speech, confused.
5. Nicotine Found in tobacco. Potent parasympathetic alkaloid, stim-
ulant drug, addictive. Associated with cardiovascular dis-
ease, potential birth defects, and poisoning. Associated
with cancer.
6. Suppositories Drug delivery system inserted into rectum, vagina, or
urethra where it dissolves or melts and is absorbed into
the bloodstream.
7. Diuretics Promotes production of urine. Used for high blood pres-
sure. Often used by bulimics for weight loss.
8. Intravenous in- A route of drug administration directly into the blood-
jection stream through a vein. Yield sstrongest and most rapid
effact but is most dangerous due to risk of infection, vein
collapse, or overdose.
9. A route of drug administration; injected into the muscle.
,WGU C458 HEALTH, WELLNESS AND FITNESS STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Intramuscular in-
jection
10. Drug abuse Generally refers to chronic, excessive use of a drug. May
also refer to a person's intent.
11. Drug inhibition
(receptor site)
12. THC Active ingredient in marijuana. Connects to nerve cell
sites and brain called cannabinoid receptors and influ-
ences the activity of those cells. Influences pleasure,
memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time per-
ception, and coordinated movement. Increases risk of
heart attack. Increases risk of cancer. Can lead to depres-
sion anxiety and personality disturbances. Causes birth
defects. Can be used for medical purposes: glaucoma,
Chemotherapy cause to nausea and vomiting, appetite
stimulant, antiasthmatic, seizures, muscle relaxant ac-
tion.
13. Receptor sites Target cells for drugs.
(of a drug)
14. OTC drugs Over-the-counter drugs; such as, cough medicine, pain
medication, allergy medication that don't require prescrip-
tions.
15. Tolerance Some drugs are used frequently, large doses are required
to maintain the same effect
16. Anabolic Synthetic variant of the male sex hormone testosterone
steroids
17. Opioids Substances that act on the nervous system, medications
that are artificially made, reduce the intensity of pain sig-
nals reaching the brain and affect those brain areas con-
trolling emotion which diminishes the effects of a painful
stimulus; Morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, methadone
,WGU C458 HEALTH, WELLNESS AND FITNESS STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
18. Endorphins Endogenous opioid neuropeptides. Produced by central
nervous system and pituitary gland. Released during ex-
ercise, interact with the receptors in your brain to reduce
perception of pain, trigger positive body feeling, similar to
morphine
19. GRASE list (FDA) Generally recognized as safe by the FDA for use in food
and drugs
20. Epinephrine Sometimes called adrenaline; secreted by the adrenal
medulla; stimulation of the meulla by the sympathetic
division of the autonomic nervous system causes release
of hormones, especially epinephrine, into the blood to
initiate short-term fight or flight response to stress
21. Synergism Combined action of drugs is greater than the sum of the
effects of anyone drug taking a loan. For example, some
drugs potentiate or increase the effects of another drug.
22. Prostaglandin in- NSAIDs. Medications that act on prostaglandins, com-
hibitors pounds that regulate muscle contractions.
23. Benzodi- Class of psychoactive drug; court chemical structure
azepines is fusion of benzene ring and a diazepine ring. Ex-
amples: diazepam (Valium), alpazolam (Xanax), clon-
azepam (klonopin), Lorazepam (Ativan), MIdazolam
24. Narcotics Any of a group of drugs such as heroin and morphine that
produce numbness and stupor. Commonly used to relieve
pain; may cause addiction.
25. Polydrug use Refers to the use of two or more psychoactive drugs in
combination to achieve a particular effect.
26. Antagonism Inhibition of or interference with the action of one sub-
stance organism by another
27. Analgesics pain killer; member of the group of drugs used to achieve
relief from pain. acts various ways on the peripheral and
central nervous systems
,WGU C458 HEALTH, WELLNESS AND FITNESS STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
28. Antibiotics Type of antimicrobial used in the treatment and prevention
of bacterial infection; may either kill or inhibit the growth
of bacteria.
29. Route of admin- The path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other sub-
istration stances taken into the body. Classified by location at
which the substances applied, oral an intravenous.
30. Cross tolerance Phenomenon that occurs when someone who is tolerant
to the effects of a certain drugs also develop a tolerance
to another drug.
31. LDL Low density lipoprotein's. Bad cholesterol. Put your heart
at risk. Collects on the walls of blood vessels working
cause blockages.
32. HDL High density lipoprotein's. Well behaved good cholesterol
removes harmful cholesterol. Reduces the risk for heart
disease
33. Carbohydrate Biological molecule consisting of carbon hydrogen and
oxygen atoms. Consist of simple sugars and starches.
Provides energy for working muscles, fuel for central ner-
vous system, enables fat metabolism, prevents protein
from being used as energy.
34. Protein Large biomolecules or macromolecules consisting of one
or more long chains of amino acid residues. Does most
of the work in cells required for the structure function
and regulation of the bodies tissues and organs.consist
of eight essential and 12 nonessential amino acids.
35. Lipids Store energy, signal and act as structural components
of cell membranes. Molecules that contain hydrocarbons
and make up the building blocks of the structure and
function of living cells; a group of naturally occurring mol-
ecules that includes fats, waxes sterols and fat soluble vit-
amins (vitamins A, D, E, K) monoglycerides, diglycerides,
triglycerides, phospholipids.
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Amphetamines Uppers, stimulants. Legitimate and useful medical ap-
plications, but often abused. Example Ritalin for ADHD.
Adderall for obesity, ADHD and narcolepsy.
2. Ecstasy MDMA. Club drug often used at all night dance parties
(raves). Stimulant that increases heart rate and blood
pressure and can lead to heart or kidney failure; regular
use produces long-lasting, perhaps permanent, damage
to your brains ability to think and store memories.
3. Hallucinogens Substances that occur naturally or produce synthetically
that distort user's perception of reality; cause sensory illu-
sions that make it difficult to distinguish fact from fantasy.
Example: LSD, peyote, PCP.
4. Barbiturates Historically represented one of nations biggest drug
abuse problems. Generally known as downers, often tak-
en as a way of escaping problems of daily living. Effects
range from person feeling drowsy, uninhibited, and intox-
icated to intoxication and staggering as if drunk, slurred
speech, confused.
5. Nicotine Found in tobacco. Potent parasympathetic alkaloid, stim-
ulant drug, addictive. Associated with cardiovascular dis-
ease, potential birth defects, and poisoning. Associated
with cancer.
6. Suppositories Drug delivery system inserted into rectum, vagina, or
urethra where it dissolves or melts and is absorbed into
the bloodstream.
7. Diuretics Promotes production of urine. Used for high blood pres-
sure. Often used by bulimics for weight loss.
8. Intravenous in- A route of drug administration directly into the blood-
jection stream through a vein. Yield sstrongest and most rapid
effact but is most dangerous due to risk of infection, vein
collapse, or overdose.
9. A route of drug administration; injected into the muscle.
,WGU C458 HEALTH, WELLNESS AND FITNESS STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Intramuscular in-
jection
10. Drug abuse Generally refers to chronic, excessive use of a drug. May
also refer to a person's intent.
11. Drug inhibition
(receptor site)
12. THC Active ingredient in marijuana. Connects to nerve cell
sites and brain called cannabinoid receptors and influ-
ences the activity of those cells. Influences pleasure,
memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time per-
ception, and coordinated movement. Increases risk of
heart attack. Increases risk of cancer. Can lead to depres-
sion anxiety and personality disturbances. Causes birth
defects. Can be used for medical purposes: glaucoma,
Chemotherapy cause to nausea and vomiting, appetite
stimulant, antiasthmatic, seizures, muscle relaxant ac-
tion.
13. Receptor sites Target cells for drugs.
(of a drug)
14. OTC drugs Over-the-counter drugs; such as, cough medicine, pain
medication, allergy medication that don't require prescrip-
tions.
15. Tolerance Some drugs are used frequently, large doses are required
to maintain the same effect
16. Anabolic Synthetic variant of the male sex hormone testosterone
steroids
17. Opioids Substances that act on the nervous system, medications
that are artificially made, reduce the intensity of pain sig-
nals reaching the brain and affect those brain areas con-
trolling emotion which diminishes the effects of a painful
stimulus; Morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, methadone
,WGU C458 HEALTH, WELLNESS AND FITNESS STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
18. Endorphins Endogenous opioid neuropeptides. Produced by central
nervous system and pituitary gland. Released during ex-
ercise, interact with the receptors in your brain to reduce
perception of pain, trigger positive body feeling, similar to
morphine
19. GRASE list (FDA) Generally recognized as safe by the FDA for use in food
and drugs
20. Epinephrine Sometimes called adrenaline; secreted by the adrenal
medulla; stimulation of the meulla by the sympathetic
division of the autonomic nervous system causes release
of hormones, especially epinephrine, into the blood to
initiate short-term fight or flight response to stress
21. Synergism Combined action of drugs is greater than the sum of the
effects of anyone drug taking a loan. For example, some
drugs potentiate or increase the effects of another drug.
22. Prostaglandin in- NSAIDs. Medications that act on prostaglandins, com-
hibitors pounds that regulate muscle contractions.
23. Benzodi- Class of psychoactive drug; court chemical structure
azepines is fusion of benzene ring and a diazepine ring. Ex-
amples: diazepam (Valium), alpazolam (Xanax), clon-
azepam (klonopin), Lorazepam (Ativan), MIdazolam
24. Narcotics Any of a group of drugs such as heroin and morphine that
produce numbness and stupor. Commonly used to relieve
pain; may cause addiction.
25. Polydrug use Refers to the use of two or more psychoactive drugs in
combination to achieve a particular effect.
26. Antagonism Inhibition of or interference with the action of one sub-
stance organism by another
27. Analgesics pain killer; member of the group of drugs used to achieve
relief from pain. acts various ways on the peripheral and
central nervous systems
,WGU C458 HEALTH, WELLNESS AND FITNESS STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
28. Antibiotics Type of antimicrobial used in the treatment and prevention
of bacterial infection; may either kill or inhibit the growth
of bacteria.
29. Route of admin- The path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other sub-
istration stances taken into the body. Classified by location at
which the substances applied, oral an intravenous.
30. Cross tolerance Phenomenon that occurs when someone who is tolerant
to the effects of a certain drugs also develop a tolerance
to another drug.
31. LDL Low density lipoprotein's. Bad cholesterol. Put your heart
at risk. Collects on the walls of blood vessels working
cause blockages.
32. HDL High density lipoprotein's. Well behaved good cholesterol
removes harmful cholesterol. Reduces the risk for heart
disease
33. Carbohydrate Biological molecule consisting of carbon hydrogen and
oxygen atoms. Consist of simple sugars and starches.
Provides energy for working muscles, fuel for central ner-
vous system, enables fat metabolism, prevents protein
from being used as energy.
34. Protein Large biomolecules or macromolecules consisting of one
or more long chains of amino acid residues. Does most
of the work in cells required for the structure function
and regulation of the bodies tissues and organs.consist
of eight essential and 12 nonessential amino acids.
35. Lipids Store energy, signal and act as structural components
of cell membranes. Molecules that contain hydrocarbons
and make up the building blocks of the structure and
function of living cells; a group of naturally occurring mol-
ecules that includes fats, waxes sterols and fat soluble vit-
amins (vitamins A, D, E, K) monoglycerides, diglycerides,
triglycerides, phospholipids.
