Nr511 final edam study guide
What is ulcerative colitis? - Ibd- mucosal surface of the colon is inflamed. Most often occurs in the recto
sigmoid areas, but may involve the entire colon. Results in friability, erosions, and bleeding.
What is ulcerative colitis characterized by? - Bloody and purulent diarrhea
What is a treatment option for uc? - While, it is not the first treatment choice, a total colectomy is a
treatment option that can completely resolve the problem.
Patients with diverticulitis may present with what? - Bleeding that is not associated with pain or
discomfort.
Who is at higher risk for diverticulitis? - Obese patients
What are signs of inflamed diverticula? - Fever, chills, tachycardia
S/S that patients with diverticulitis present with? - LLQ Pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting.
What is the best management for diverticulitis ? - High fiber diet
What can be done to Rule out other diseases when suspecting diverticulitis? - CT scan to Rule out
gynecologic etiology (ovarian cyst/tumor) or abdominal abscess.
What is C. Diff? - Infection of the large intestine, that causes profuse watery mucoid diarrhea
Where does C. Diff exists? - Air, water, soil, processed foods, and human feces.
,What are risk factors for c. diff? - Health care worker, long hospitalization, long term use of antibiotics,
long term use of meds that reduce GI acidity, consuming contaminated food or water, touching infected
soil, water, objects, or surfaces.
What are symptoms of mild to moderate C diff infection? - Person can be asymptomatic.
Watery diarrhea 3 or more times per day, for two or more days.
Mild abdominal cramping and tenderness.
What are symptoms of a severe c diff infection ? - Watery diarrhea 10-15 stools per day, (stools may
have blood or pus)
Strong foul odor,
Acute abdomen secondary to toxic mega colon with perforation,
Abdominal distention,
Fevers,
Nausea, vomiting, dehydration that requires hospitalization.
What are some tests that can be done to diagnose c diff? - CBC: will show elevated WBC counts,
ELISA: identifies toxins that produce c. Diff bacteria
Cell cytotoxicity assay: identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells.
PCR: detects bacterial genes.
Endoscopy: can be done if patient is unresponsive to treatment. Will show pseudomembranes that
suggests c.diff infection.
What is the treatment for C. Diff? - Metronidazole, probiotics, fluids, clear liquid diet, starchy foods to
avoid diarrhea, avoid caffeine/spicy/milk and greasy foods. Colectomy can be done with severe cases.
GI Consult is may be required if patient not responding to treatment.
, Why does GERD occur? - Lower esophageal spun tee dysfunction, hiatal hernia, esophageal motility
disorders
Symptoms of GERD? - Symptoms occur at night with regurgitation.
Heartburn, dysphagia, regurgitation, water brash (reflex salivation), sour taste in the mouth in the
morning, odynophagia, belching, coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing.
What is the first for GERD? - Diet modifications and 6 Weeks of omeprazole.
When is an endoscopy ordered for GERD? - After diet modifications and 6 weeks of omeprazole with no
improvement.
Risk factors for PUD? - H. Pylori, gastric acid hypersecretion, NSAIDs, lifestyle factors (alcohol, smoking)
What is the hall mark of peptic ulcer disease? - A complaint of burning or gnawing (hunger) sensation or
pain in the epigastrium that is often relieved by foods or antacids
What is the treatment for PUD? - Amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for 2 weeks
Other physical findings that can be associated with puD? - (Signs of anemia) Tachycardia, pale
conjunctiva, burning epigastric pain, occult blood I guaic positive (upon rectal exam)
PUD is most common in who? - More common in older adults.
People who consume alcohol excessively and who consume NSAIDs regularly.
Rotavirus is common in who? - Children younger than 3 years.
What is ulcerative colitis? - Ibd- mucosal surface of the colon is inflamed. Most often occurs in the recto
sigmoid areas, but may involve the entire colon. Results in friability, erosions, and bleeding.
What is ulcerative colitis characterized by? - Bloody and purulent diarrhea
What is a treatment option for uc? - While, it is not the first treatment choice, a total colectomy is a
treatment option that can completely resolve the problem.
Patients with diverticulitis may present with what? - Bleeding that is not associated with pain or
discomfort.
Who is at higher risk for diverticulitis? - Obese patients
What are signs of inflamed diverticula? - Fever, chills, tachycardia
S/S that patients with diverticulitis present with? - LLQ Pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting.
What is the best management for diverticulitis ? - High fiber diet
What can be done to Rule out other diseases when suspecting diverticulitis? - CT scan to Rule out
gynecologic etiology (ovarian cyst/tumor) or abdominal abscess.
What is C. Diff? - Infection of the large intestine, that causes profuse watery mucoid diarrhea
Where does C. Diff exists? - Air, water, soil, processed foods, and human feces.
,What are risk factors for c. diff? - Health care worker, long hospitalization, long term use of antibiotics,
long term use of meds that reduce GI acidity, consuming contaminated food or water, touching infected
soil, water, objects, or surfaces.
What are symptoms of mild to moderate C diff infection? - Person can be asymptomatic.
Watery diarrhea 3 or more times per day, for two or more days.
Mild abdominal cramping and tenderness.
What are symptoms of a severe c diff infection ? - Watery diarrhea 10-15 stools per day, (stools may
have blood or pus)
Strong foul odor,
Acute abdomen secondary to toxic mega colon with perforation,
Abdominal distention,
Fevers,
Nausea, vomiting, dehydration that requires hospitalization.
What are some tests that can be done to diagnose c diff? - CBC: will show elevated WBC counts,
ELISA: identifies toxins that produce c. Diff bacteria
Cell cytotoxicity assay: identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells.
PCR: detects bacterial genes.
Endoscopy: can be done if patient is unresponsive to treatment. Will show pseudomembranes that
suggests c.diff infection.
What is the treatment for C. Diff? - Metronidazole, probiotics, fluids, clear liquid diet, starchy foods to
avoid diarrhea, avoid caffeine/spicy/milk and greasy foods. Colectomy can be done with severe cases.
GI Consult is may be required if patient not responding to treatment.
, Why does GERD occur? - Lower esophageal spun tee dysfunction, hiatal hernia, esophageal motility
disorders
Symptoms of GERD? - Symptoms occur at night with regurgitation.
Heartburn, dysphagia, regurgitation, water brash (reflex salivation), sour taste in the mouth in the
morning, odynophagia, belching, coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing.
What is the first for GERD? - Diet modifications and 6 Weeks of omeprazole.
When is an endoscopy ordered for GERD? - After diet modifications and 6 weeks of omeprazole with no
improvement.
Risk factors for PUD? - H. Pylori, gastric acid hypersecretion, NSAIDs, lifestyle factors (alcohol, smoking)
What is the hall mark of peptic ulcer disease? - A complaint of burning or gnawing (hunger) sensation or
pain in the epigastrium that is often relieved by foods or antacids
What is the treatment for PUD? - Amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for 2 weeks
Other physical findings that can be associated with puD? - (Signs of anemia) Tachycardia, pale
conjunctiva, burning epigastric pain, occult blood I guaic positive (upon rectal exam)
PUD is most common in who? - More common in older adults.
People who consume alcohol excessively and who consume NSAIDs regularly.
Rotavirus is common in who? - Children younger than 3 years.
