Higher Human Biology Unit 3 Exam Review Questions and Correct Answers

Higher Human Biology Unit 3 Exam Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Maintenance of relative constant internal
environment despite fluctuations in the external environment


Feedback system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅circular situation in which body responds to
a change with the response altering the original stimulus


Negative feedback vs. positive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅negative reduces
effect/eliminates original stimulus eg. human body temp. Positive feedback reinforces original
stimulus eg. oxytocin released during childbirth


Endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅group of ductless glands which secrete
hormones into bloodstream


Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅chemical messenger secreted by endocrine gland
that effects functioning of a cell or organ and is carried in bloodstream
- activates gene in nucleus
- change structure of enzymes


Protein and amine hormones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅attach to receptor molecule on
membrane of target cell
- insulin
- epinephrine and norepinephrine
- oxytocin
- human growth hormone
- thyroxin

,Steroid hormones - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅enter target cells and combine with receptor
protein inside cell
- testosterone
- oestrogen
- progesterone
- aldosterone
- cortisol


Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅located at base of brain and regulates bodily
functions including temp., water balance and heart rate


Pituitary gland
- anterior

- posterior - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Endocrine gland attached to hypothalamus via
infundibulum. Produces hormones controlling various bodily functions.
- hypothalamus controls secretions, produces releasing factors
- stimulate production of bone cells


Follicle-stimulating hormone [anterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- ovaries
- testes
effect
- growth follicles
- production of sperm


Luteinising hormone [anterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- ovaries
- testes
effect

,- ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum
- secretion of testosterone


Growth hormone [anterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- all cells
- bone, muscle, liver
effect
- growth and protein synthesis


Thyroid-stimulating hormone [anterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- thyroid gland
effect
- secretion of thyroxine from thyroid


Adrenocorticotropic hormone [anterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- adrenal cortex
effect
- secretion of hormones from thy


Prolactin [anterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- mammary glands
effect
- milk production


Antidiuretic hormone [posterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- kidneys
effect
- reabsorption of water

, Oxytocin [posterior lobe] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- uterus
- mammary glands
effect
- contractions of uterus during childbirth
- release of milk


Pineal gland [inside brain] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅secretes melatonin to regulate sleep
patterns


Thyroxin [thyroid gland] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- most cells
effect
- increase metabolic rate, oxygen and heat


Parathyroid hormone [parathyroid] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- bones and kidney
effect
- increase in calcium blood levels


Thymosins [Thymus] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- T. lymphocytes
effect
- stimulates development and maturation of T. lymphocytes


Aldosterone [adrenal cortex] - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅target
- kidney