Higher Human Biology Unit 4 Exam Review
Questions and Correct Answers
How does the human body protect itself from toxins and cancers? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅The immune system
What is immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Ability of the body to resist infection by a
pathogen or destroy it if it invades the body
What are the two divisions of the immune system? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Non
specific and specific defences
What are the non specific defences? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Epithelial cells
Inflammatory response
Phagocytes
Nk cells
What is the body's first line of defence? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Epithelial cells form a
physical barrier and produce secretions against infection.
What is the body's second line of defence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Inflammatory
response
Action of phagocytes and nk cells
What is the inflammatory response? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Body reaction to injury or
injection by pathogens
Describe the inflammatory response. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Tissue is damaged
Mast cells release histamine
Histamine increases permeability of capillaries and causes vasodilation increasing blood flow
, In terms of the inflammatory response What does the increase blood flow and secretion of
cytokines lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increase in
Phagocytes
Anti microbial proteins
Clotting factors
What causes swelling and tissue redness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increased blood
flow and tissue fluid leaking out of capillaries
What do cytokines stimulate in the inflammatory response? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Movement of phagocytes
What doe anti microbial proteins do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Amplify immune
response
What do clotting factors do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Promote coagulation of blood at
damaged tissues halting blood loss and preventing further infection
What are the two types of white blood cells involved in non specific defences? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Phagocytes and natural killer cells
What do cytokines released by phagocytes stimulate? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Specific
immune response
What do phagocytes do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Recognise surface antigens on
pathogens and destroy them by phagocytosis
Describe phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Bacteria gives out chemical
Phagocytes engulfs bacterium
Questions and Correct Answers
How does the human body protect itself from toxins and cancers? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅The immune system
What is immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Ability of the body to resist infection by a
pathogen or destroy it if it invades the body
What are the two divisions of the immune system? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Non
specific and specific defences
What are the non specific defences? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Epithelial cells
Inflammatory response
Phagocytes
Nk cells
What is the body's first line of defence? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Epithelial cells form a
physical barrier and produce secretions against infection.
What is the body's second line of defence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Inflammatory
response
Action of phagocytes and nk cells
What is the inflammatory response? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Body reaction to injury or
injection by pathogens
Describe the inflammatory response. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Tissue is damaged
Mast cells release histamine
Histamine increases permeability of capillaries and causes vasodilation increasing blood flow
, In terms of the inflammatory response What does the increase blood flow and secretion of
cytokines lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increase in
Phagocytes
Anti microbial proteins
Clotting factors
What causes swelling and tissue redness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Increased blood
flow and tissue fluid leaking out of capillaries
What do cytokines stimulate in the inflammatory response? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Movement of phagocytes
What doe anti microbial proteins do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Amplify immune
response
What do clotting factors do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Promote coagulation of blood at
damaged tissues halting blood loss and preventing further infection
What are the two types of white blood cells involved in non specific defences? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Phagocytes and natural killer cells
What do cytokines released by phagocytes stimulate? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Specific
immune response
What do phagocytes do? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Recognise surface antigens on
pathogens and destroy them by phagocytosis
Describe phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Bacteria gives out chemical
Phagocytes engulfs bacterium
