Higher Human Biology Unit 1 - Human Cells
Exam Review Questions and Correct
Answers
Lactate - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Produced by fermentation of pyruvate in mammalian
muscle cells.
Fast-twitch fibre - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Type of muscle fibre used in short bursts of
activity.
Muscle fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Painful condition caused by the accumulation
of lactic acid in muscles.
Oxygen debt - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the amount of oxygen required after physical
exercise to convert accumulated lactate to pyruvate
Skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Muscle attached to the skeleton that brings
about locomotion.
Slow-twitch fibre - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Type of muscle fibre that sustains
contractions over a long period of time, and is used in endurance activities.
Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Skeletal muscles contract to bring about
movement of the bones.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Molecule that holds the genetic
code in living organisms.
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Component of DNA composed of a deoxyribose
sugar, a phosphate and a base.
, Deoxyribose - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides.
Phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Component of DNA nucleotides that, along with
the sugar forms the backbone of the molecule.
Base - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Substance that is a component of a DNA nucleotide and
forms hydrogen bonds with another..
Sugar-phosphate backbone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Strongly bonded strand of DNA
molecules.
Adenine (A) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Thymine.
Thymine (T) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Adenine.
Cytosine (C) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Guanine.
Guanine (G) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Cytosine.
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Weak chemical bond that links complimentary
base pairs in DNA.
Antiparallel - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA strands run in opposite directions
Double Helix - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Shape of DNA molecule
DNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Enzyme in DNA replication that joins new
nucleotides onto the 3' of the strand
Exam Review Questions and Correct
Answers
Lactate - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Produced by fermentation of pyruvate in mammalian
muscle cells.
Fast-twitch fibre - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Type of muscle fibre used in short bursts of
activity.
Muscle fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Painful condition caused by the accumulation
of lactic acid in muscles.
Oxygen debt - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the amount of oxygen required after physical
exercise to convert accumulated lactate to pyruvate
Skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Muscle attached to the skeleton that brings
about locomotion.
Slow-twitch fibre - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Type of muscle fibre that sustains
contractions over a long period of time, and is used in endurance activities.
Contraction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Skeletal muscles contract to bring about
movement of the bones.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Molecule that holds the genetic
code in living organisms.
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Component of DNA composed of a deoxyribose
sugar, a phosphate and a base.
, Deoxyribose - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides.
Phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Component of DNA nucleotides that, along with
the sugar forms the backbone of the molecule.
Base - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Substance that is a component of a DNA nucleotide and
forms hydrogen bonds with another..
Sugar-phosphate backbone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Strongly bonded strand of DNA
molecules.
Adenine (A) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Thymine.
Thymine (T) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Adenine.
Cytosine (C) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Guanine.
Guanine (G) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA base that pairs with Cytosine.
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Weak chemical bond that links complimentary
base pairs in DNA.
Antiparallel - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅DNA strands run in opposite directions
Double Helix - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Shape of DNA molecule
DNA Polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Enzyme in DNA replication that joins new
nucleotides onto the 3' of the strand
