1. Which of the following is the primary responsibility of an Orientation and
Mobility (O&M) Specialist?
A) Teaching individuals how to use mobility devices
B) Providing vision rehabilitation training for all disabilities
C) Teaching individuals with vision loss how to travel safely and independently
D) Offering physical therapy for individuals with vision loss
Answer: C) Teaching individuals with vision loss how to travel safely and independently
Rationale: O&M specialists focus on teaching individuals with vision loss how to travel
independently, navigate their environment, and use mobility aids safely.
2. The use of a white cane is typically associated with which orientation and
mobility technique?
A) Sighted-guide
B) Canine mobility training
C) Long cane technique
D) Pre-cane technique
Answer: C) Long cane technique
Rationale: The long cane technique is a primary O&M technique for individuals who are blind
or visually impaired, providing sensory feedback through touch to help navigate the
environment.
3. Which of the following is an essential skill for an O&M specialist when
working with a student?
A) Teaching math and reading
B) Ability to identify proper adaptive technologies
C) Knowledge of braille
D) Strong understanding of anatomy and physiology
Answer: B) Ability to identify proper adaptive technologies
Rationale: An O&M specialist needs to be knowledgeable about adaptive technologies,
including mobility devices, to ensure the individual can travel safely and independently.
,4. When assessing the travel abilities of an individual who is blind or visually
impaired, which of the following is the first step?
A) Evaluating their motor skills
B) Conducting a comprehensive mobility assessment
C) Determining the need for a guide dog
D) Teaching how to use a GPS device
Answer: B) Conducting a comprehensive mobility assessment
Rationale: A comprehensive mobility assessment helps to determine the individual's specific
travel skills, challenges, and needs before beginning training.
5. Which of the following is the most common type of travel aid used by
individuals who are blind?
A) Guide dog
B) Long cane
C) Smart cane
D) Mobility scooter
Answer: B) Long cane
Rationale: The long cane is the most commonly used mobility aid for individuals who are blind
or visually impaired, allowing for environmental exploration through tactile feedback.
6. Which of the following is an example of the “cane sweep” technique?
A) Moving the cane in a straight line to detect obstacles in the path
B) Tapping the cane against walls for auditory feedback
C) Sweeping the cane in a large arc to detect objects in the environment
D) Holding the cane stationary to measure distance
Answer: C) Sweeping the cane in a large arc to detect objects in the environment
Rationale: The cane sweep technique involves moving the cane in large arcs to detect obstacles
and environmental features before they are encountered.
7. In the context of O&M, what does "trail travel" involve?
, A) Following a series of auditory cues
B) Following the perimeter of a known route or path
C) Walking in a straight line while using a cane
D) Traveling by using a guide dog
Answer: B) Following the perimeter of a known route or path
Rationale: Trail travel is a method of navigating along a known route or path, often used when
there are distinct landmarks or boundaries.
8. What is the primary purpose of the “protective cane position”?
A) To prevent the cane from getting tangled in obstacles
B) To signal to others that the individual is blind
C) To protect the individual from obstacles at head level
D) To enhance the speed of travel
Answer: C) To protect the individual from obstacles at head level
Rationale: The protective cane position is used to prevent head-level obstacles by holding the
cane in front of the body, offering tactile information about overhead barriers.
9. Which of the following is NOT a key component of a mobility assessment?
A) Identifying the travel needs of the individual
B) Evaluating the individual's use of vision
C) Identifying appropriate travel aids
D) Determining the individual’s cognitive abilities
Answer: D) Determining the individual’s cognitive abilities
Rationale: While cognitive abilities may influence travel, they are not the primary focus of a
mobility assessment, which concentrates more on physical abilities, travel aids, and
environmental needs.
10. What is the main goal when teaching a person to use a guide dog for travel?
A) To help them travel faster than with a cane
B) To provide social interaction during travel
Mobility (O&M) Specialist?
A) Teaching individuals how to use mobility devices
B) Providing vision rehabilitation training for all disabilities
C) Teaching individuals with vision loss how to travel safely and independently
D) Offering physical therapy for individuals with vision loss
Answer: C) Teaching individuals with vision loss how to travel safely and independently
Rationale: O&M specialists focus on teaching individuals with vision loss how to travel
independently, navigate their environment, and use mobility aids safely.
2. The use of a white cane is typically associated with which orientation and
mobility technique?
A) Sighted-guide
B) Canine mobility training
C) Long cane technique
D) Pre-cane technique
Answer: C) Long cane technique
Rationale: The long cane technique is a primary O&M technique for individuals who are blind
or visually impaired, providing sensory feedback through touch to help navigate the
environment.
3. Which of the following is an essential skill for an O&M specialist when
working with a student?
A) Teaching math and reading
B) Ability to identify proper adaptive technologies
C) Knowledge of braille
D) Strong understanding of anatomy and physiology
Answer: B) Ability to identify proper adaptive technologies
Rationale: An O&M specialist needs to be knowledgeable about adaptive technologies,
including mobility devices, to ensure the individual can travel safely and independently.
,4. When assessing the travel abilities of an individual who is blind or visually
impaired, which of the following is the first step?
A) Evaluating their motor skills
B) Conducting a comprehensive mobility assessment
C) Determining the need for a guide dog
D) Teaching how to use a GPS device
Answer: B) Conducting a comprehensive mobility assessment
Rationale: A comprehensive mobility assessment helps to determine the individual's specific
travel skills, challenges, and needs before beginning training.
5. Which of the following is the most common type of travel aid used by
individuals who are blind?
A) Guide dog
B) Long cane
C) Smart cane
D) Mobility scooter
Answer: B) Long cane
Rationale: The long cane is the most commonly used mobility aid for individuals who are blind
or visually impaired, allowing for environmental exploration through tactile feedback.
6. Which of the following is an example of the “cane sweep” technique?
A) Moving the cane in a straight line to detect obstacles in the path
B) Tapping the cane against walls for auditory feedback
C) Sweeping the cane in a large arc to detect objects in the environment
D) Holding the cane stationary to measure distance
Answer: C) Sweeping the cane in a large arc to detect objects in the environment
Rationale: The cane sweep technique involves moving the cane in large arcs to detect obstacles
and environmental features before they are encountered.
7. In the context of O&M, what does "trail travel" involve?
, A) Following a series of auditory cues
B) Following the perimeter of a known route or path
C) Walking in a straight line while using a cane
D) Traveling by using a guide dog
Answer: B) Following the perimeter of a known route or path
Rationale: Trail travel is a method of navigating along a known route or path, often used when
there are distinct landmarks or boundaries.
8. What is the primary purpose of the “protective cane position”?
A) To prevent the cane from getting tangled in obstacles
B) To signal to others that the individual is blind
C) To protect the individual from obstacles at head level
D) To enhance the speed of travel
Answer: C) To protect the individual from obstacles at head level
Rationale: The protective cane position is used to prevent head-level obstacles by holding the
cane in front of the body, offering tactile information about overhead barriers.
9. Which of the following is NOT a key component of a mobility assessment?
A) Identifying the travel needs of the individual
B) Evaluating the individual's use of vision
C) Identifying appropriate travel aids
D) Determining the individual’s cognitive abilities
Answer: D) Determining the individual’s cognitive abilities
Rationale: While cognitive abilities may influence travel, they are not the primary focus of a
mobility assessment, which concentrates more on physical abilities, travel aids, and
environmental needs.
10. What is the main goal when teaching a person to use a guide dog for travel?
A) To help them travel faster than with a cane
B) To provide social interaction during travel
