1. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a pregnant patient. The patient is in her
second trimester and asks about her increased need for protein. The nurse
recommends which of the following to meet the patient's protein needs?
A. Chicken breast
B. White bread
C. Fried potatoes
D. Sweetened yogurt
Answer: A) Chicken breast
Rationale: Protein is essential during pregnancy for fetal development. Chicken breast is
a lean
source of protein and would be a healthy option compared to the other listed foods,
which are
either high in carbohydrates or fats.
2. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will need an increased intake of which nutrient to
promote healing?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and healing. A patient with burns has
increased
protein needs to promote wound healing and prevent muscle wasting.
3. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with gout on dietary management.
The nurse explains the importance of drinking fluids. Which fluid should the
patient avoid?
A. Water
B. Coffee
C. Alcoholic beverages
D. Herbal tea
Answer: C) Alcoholic beverages
Rationale: Alcohol, particularly beer and liquor, can increase uric acid levels and trigger
gout
attacks. The patient should be encouraged to avoid alcoholic beverages and stay
hydrated with
water and non-alcoholic fluids.
4. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a client with obesity about the role of
carbohydrates in their diet. The nurse explains that which type of carbohydrate
is best for maintaining steady blood sugar levels?
A. Simple sugars
B. Refined grains
,C. Whole grains
D. Sugary snacks
Answer: C) Whole grains
Rationale: Whole grains are rich in fiber and have a low glycemic index, meaning they
are
digested more slowly, which helps maintain steady blood sugar levels and supports
weight
management.
5. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a post-operative patient about nutrition. The
nurse emphasizes the need for which nutrient to promote wound healing?
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin C
D. Iron
Answer: C) Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C plays a critical role in collagen formation and tissue repair, making
it
essential for wound healing. The nurse should encourage the patient to consume
vitamin C-rich
foods, such as citrus fruits, strawberries, and bell peppers.
6. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoporosis. The nurse
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
7. Case Study: A nurse is discussing nutrition with a patient who has a history
of kidney stones. The nurse advises the patient to increase intake of which of the
following fluids to help prevent new stones from forming?
A. Caffeine
B. Water
C. Soda
D. Alcohol
Answer: B) Water
Rationale: Increasing water intake helps to dilute urine and reduce the risk of kidney
stone
formation. Staying hydrated is a key preventive measure for patients prone to kidney
stones.
, 8. Case Study: A nurse is discussing dietary recommendations with a client who
is anemic. The nurse suggests that the patient increase their intake of which of
the following foods?
A. Spinach
B. White rice
C. Apples
D. Bread
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is rich in non-heme iron, which is beneficial for individuals with
iron deficiency anemia. Consuming iron-rich foods such as spinach, along with vitamin
C to enhance
absorption, can help improve iron levels.
9. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient about weight loss. The nurse
explains that a caloric deficit must be created by which of the following methods?
A. Increasing fat intake
B. Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
C. Reducing protein intake
D. Avoiding carbohydrates completely
Answer: B) Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
Rationale: To achieve weight loss, a caloric deficit is necessary, which can be
accomplished
through either reducing calorie intake or increasing physical activity. Both methods are
key to
successful and sustainable weight loss.
10. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with lactose intolerance. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Milk
B. Cheese
C. Yogurt with probiotics
D. Ice cream
Answer: C) Yogurt with probiotics
Rationale: Yogurt with probiotics is often better tolerated by individuals with lactose
intolerance
because the live bacteria help break down lactose. Milk and ice cream contain higher
lactose
levels and can cause discomfort in these patients.
11. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a client with a history of stroke about
nutrition. The nurse recommends a diet rich in which nutrient to support brain
health and cognitive function?
A. Omega-3 fatty acids
B. Simple sugars
C. Saturated fats
D. Protein
second trimester and asks about her increased need for protein. The nurse
recommends which of the following to meet the patient's protein needs?
A. Chicken breast
B. White bread
C. Fried potatoes
D. Sweetened yogurt
Answer: A) Chicken breast
Rationale: Protein is essential during pregnancy for fetal development. Chicken breast is
a lean
source of protein and would be a healthy option compared to the other listed foods,
which are
either high in carbohydrates or fats.
2. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will need an increased intake of which nutrient to
promote healing?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and healing. A patient with burns has
increased
protein needs to promote wound healing and prevent muscle wasting.
3. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with gout on dietary management.
The nurse explains the importance of drinking fluids. Which fluid should the
patient avoid?
A. Water
B. Coffee
C. Alcoholic beverages
D. Herbal tea
Answer: C) Alcoholic beverages
Rationale: Alcohol, particularly beer and liquor, can increase uric acid levels and trigger
gout
attacks. The patient should be encouraged to avoid alcoholic beverages and stay
hydrated with
water and non-alcoholic fluids.
4. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a client with obesity about the role of
carbohydrates in their diet. The nurse explains that which type of carbohydrate
is best for maintaining steady blood sugar levels?
A. Simple sugars
B. Refined grains
,C. Whole grains
D. Sugary snacks
Answer: C) Whole grains
Rationale: Whole grains are rich in fiber and have a low glycemic index, meaning they
are
digested more slowly, which helps maintain steady blood sugar levels and supports
weight
management.
5. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a post-operative patient about nutrition. The
nurse emphasizes the need for which nutrient to promote wound healing?
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin C
D. Iron
Answer: C) Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C plays a critical role in collagen formation and tissue repair, making
it
essential for wound healing. The nurse should encourage the patient to consume
vitamin C-rich
foods, such as citrus fruits, strawberries, and bell peppers.
6. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoporosis. The nurse
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
7. Case Study: A nurse is discussing nutrition with a patient who has a history
of kidney stones. The nurse advises the patient to increase intake of which of the
following fluids to help prevent new stones from forming?
A. Caffeine
B. Water
C. Soda
D. Alcohol
Answer: B) Water
Rationale: Increasing water intake helps to dilute urine and reduce the risk of kidney
stone
formation. Staying hydrated is a key preventive measure for patients prone to kidney
stones.
, 8. Case Study: A nurse is discussing dietary recommendations with a client who
is anemic. The nurse suggests that the patient increase their intake of which of
the following foods?
A. Spinach
B. White rice
C. Apples
D. Bread
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is rich in non-heme iron, which is beneficial for individuals with
iron deficiency anemia. Consuming iron-rich foods such as spinach, along with vitamin
C to enhance
absorption, can help improve iron levels.
9. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient about weight loss. The nurse
explains that a caloric deficit must be created by which of the following methods?
A. Increasing fat intake
B. Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
C. Reducing protein intake
D. Avoiding carbohydrates completely
Answer: B) Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
Rationale: To achieve weight loss, a caloric deficit is necessary, which can be
accomplished
through either reducing calorie intake or increasing physical activity. Both methods are
key to
successful and sustainable weight loss.
10. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with lactose intolerance. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Milk
B. Cheese
C. Yogurt with probiotics
D. Ice cream
Answer: C) Yogurt with probiotics
Rationale: Yogurt with probiotics is often better tolerated by individuals with lactose
intolerance
because the live bacteria help break down lactose. Milk and ice cream contain higher
lactose
levels and can cause discomfort in these patients.
11. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a client with a history of stroke about
nutrition. The nurse recommends a diet rich in which nutrient to support brain
health and cognitive function?
A. Omega-3 fatty acids
B. Simple sugars
C. Saturated fats
D. Protein
