Fluids and Electrolytes PNQs (Practice
NCLEX questions)
A patient has a potassium level of 9.0. Which nursing intervention is priority?*
A. Prepare the patient for dialysis and place the patient on a cardiac monitor
B. Administer Spironolactone
C. Place patient on a potassium restrictive diet
D. Administer a laxative -
A. Prepare the patient for dialysis and place the patient on a cardiac monitor
Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperkalemia?*A. Positive Chvostek's signB.
Decreased blood pressureC. Muscle twitches/crampsD. Weak and slow heart rate -
B. Decreased blood pressure
Tall peaked T-waves, flat P-waves, prolonged PR intervals and widened QRS complexes can
present in which of the following conditions?*
A. Hypocalemia
B. Hypercalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyperkalemia -
D. Hyperkalemia
Which patient is at risk for hyperkalemia?*
A. Patient with Parathyroid cancer
B. Patient with Cushing's Syndrome
C. Patient with Addison's Disease
D. Patient with breast cancer -
C. Patient with Addison's Disease
A patient's potassium level is 3.0. Which foods would you encourage the patient to consume?
*
A. Cheese, collard greens, and fish
B. Avocados, strawberries, and potatoes
C. Tofu, oatmeal, and peas
D. Peanuts, bread, and corn -
B. Avocados, strawberries, and potatoes
A patient with nasogastric suctioning is experiencing diarrhea. The patient is ordered a
morning dose of Lasix 20mg IV. Patient's potassium level is 3.0. What is your next nursing
intervention?A. Hold the dose of Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders
B. Administered the Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders
C. Turn off the nasogastric suctioning and administered a laxative
D. No intervention is need the potassium level is within normal range -
A. Hold the dose of Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders
A patient is presenting with an orthostatic blood pressure of 80/40 when she stands up,
thready and weak pulse of 58, and shallow respirations. In addition, the patient has been
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,having frequent episodes of vomiting and nausea and is taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which of
the following findings would explain the patient's condition?
A. Potassium level of 7.0
B. Potassium level of 3.5
C. Potassium level of 2.4
D. None of the options are correct -
C. Potassium level of 2.4
Which patient is at a potential risk for Digoxin toxicity?
A. A patient with Cushing's syndrome taking Laxis 20 mg IV twice a day
B. A patient with a calcium level of 8.9
C. A patient with a potassium level of 3.8
D. A patient presenting with painful muscle spasms and positive Trousseau's sign -
A. A patient with Cushing's syndrome taking Laxis 20 mg IV twice a day
Which of the following is indicative of an EKG change in a case of hypokalemia?
A. Widened QRS complex and prolonged PR interval
B. Prolonged ST interval and Widened T-wave
C. Tall T-waves and depressed ST segment
D. ST depression and inverted T-wave -
D. ST depression and inverted T-wave
A patient has a potassium level of 2.0. What would you expect to be ordered for this patient?
A. Potassium 30 meq IV push
B. Infusion of Potassium intravenously
C. An oral supplement of potassium
D. Intramuscular injection of Potassium -
B. Infusion of Potassium intravenously
When the cell presents with the same concentration on the inside and outside with no shifting
of fluids this is called?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Isotonic
D. Osmosis -
C. Isotonic
Which of the following is not a hypertonic fluid?
A. 3% Saline
B. D5W
C. 10% Dextrose in Water (D10W)
D. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's -
B. D5W
What type of fluid would a patient with severe hyponatremia most likely be started on?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Isotonic
D. Colloid -
B. Hypertonic
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, When administering a hypertonic solution the nurse should closely watch for?
A. Signs of dehydration
B. Pulmonary Edema
C. Fluid volume deficient
D. Increased Lactate level -
B. Pulmonary Edema
A patient with cerebral edema would most likely be order what type of solution?
A. 3% Saline
B. 0.9% Normal Saline
C. Lactated Ringer's
D. 0.225% Normal Saline -
A: 3% Saline. A patient with cerebral edema would be ordered a HYPERTONIC
solution to decrease brain swelling. The solution would remove water from the brain cells
back into the intravascular system to be excreted. 3% Saline is the only hypertonic option.
_______ solutions cause cell dehydration and help increase fluid in the extracellular space.
A. Hypotonic
B. Osmosis
C. Isotonic
D. Hypertonic -
D. Hypertonic
D5W solutions are sometimes considered a hypotonic solution as well as an isotonic solution
because after the body metabolizes the dextrose the solution acts as a hypotonic solution.
True
False -
TRUE. D5W is classified as a ISOTONIC fluid BUT after administration the
body metabolizes the dextrose and the fluid left over is a hypotonic solution.
Which solution below is NOT a hypertonic solution?
A. 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
B. 5% Saline
C. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's
D. 0.33% saline (1/3 NS) -
D. 0.33% saline (1/3 NS)
Which patient below would NOT be a candidate for a hypotonic solution?
A. Patient with increased intracranial pressure
B. Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
C. Patient experiencing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia
D. All of the options are correct -
A. Patient with increased intracranial pressure
Which condition below could lead to cell lysis, if not properly monitored?
A. Isotonicity
B. Hypertonicity
C. Hypotonicity
D. None of the options are correct -
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NCLEX questions)
A patient has a potassium level of 9.0. Which nursing intervention is priority?*
A. Prepare the patient for dialysis and place the patient on a cardiac monitor
B. Administer Spironolactone
C. Place patient on a potassium restrictive diet
D. Administer a laxative -
A. Prepare the patient for dialysis and place the patient on a cardiac monitor
Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperkalemia?*A. Positive Chvostek's signB.
Decreased blood pressureC. Muscle twitches/crampsD. Weak and slow heart rate -
B. Decreased blood pressure
Tall peaked T-waves, flat P-waves, prolonged PR intervals and widened QRS complexes can
present in which of the following conditions?*
A. Hypocalemia
B. Hypercalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyperkalemia -
D. Hyperkalemia
Which patient is at risk for hyperkalemia?*
A. Patient with Parathyroid cancer
B. Patient with Cushing's Syndrome
C. Patient with Addison's Disease
D. Patient with breast cancer -
C. Patient with Addison's Disease
A patient's potassium level is 3.0. Which foods would you encourage the patient to consume?
*
A. Cheese, collard greens, and fish
B. Avocados, strawberries, and potatoes
C. Tofu, oatmeal, and peas
D. Peanuts, bread, and corn -
B. Avocados, strawberries, and potatoes
A patient with nasogastric suctioning is experiencing diarrhea. The patient is ordered a
morning dose of Lasix 20mg IV. Patient's potassium level is 3.0. What is your next nursing
intervention?A. Hold the dose of Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders
B. Administered the Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders
C. Turn off the nasogastric suctioning and administered a laxative
D. No intervention is need the potassium level is within normal range -
A. Hold the dose of Lasix and notify the doctor for further orders
A patient is presenting with an orthostatic blood pressure of 80/40 when she stands up,
thready and weak pulse of 58, and shallow respirations. In addition, the patient has been
1|Page
,having frequent episodes of vomiting and nausea and is taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which of
the following findings would explain the patient's condition?
A. Potassium level of 7.0
B. Potassium level of 3.5
C. Potassium level of 2.4
D. None of the options are correct -
C. Potassium level of 2.4
Which patient is at a potential risk for Digoxin toxicity?
A. A patient with Cushing's syndrome taking Laxis 20 mg IV twice a day
B. A patient with a calcium level of 8.9
C. A patient with a potassium level of 3.8
D. A patient presenting with painful muscle spasms and positive Trousseau's sign -
A. A patient with Cushing's syndrome taking Laxis 20 mg IV twice a day
Which of the following is indicative of an EKG change in a case of hypokalemia?
A. Widened QRS complex and prolonged PR interval
B. Prolonged ST interval and Widened T-wave
C. Tall T-waves and depressed ST segment
D. ST depression and inverted T-wave -
D. ST depression and inverted T-wave
A patient has a potassium level of 2.0. What would you expect to be ordered for this patient?
A. Potassium 30 meq IV push
B. Infusion of Potassium intravenously
C. An oral supplement of potassium
D. Intramuscular injection of Potassium -
B. Infusion of Potassium intravenously
When the cell presents with the same concentration on the inside and outside with no shifting
of fluids this is called?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Isotonic
D. Osmosis -
C. Isotonic
Which of the following is not a hypertonic fluid?
A. 3% Saline
B. D5W
C. 10% Dextrose in Water (D10W)
D. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's -
B. D5W
What type of fluid would a patient with severe hyponatremia most likely be started on?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Isotonic
D. Colloid -
B. Hypertonic
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, When administering a hypertonic solution the nurse should closely watch for?
A. Signs of dehydration
B. Pulmonary Edema
C. Fluid volume deficient
D. Increased Lactate level -
B. Pulmonary Edema
A patient with cerebral edema would most likely be order what type of solution?
A. 3% Saline
B. 0.9% Normal Saline
C. Lactated Ringer's
D. 0.225% Normal Saline -
A: 3% Saline. A patient with cerebral edema would be ordered a HYPERTONIC
solution to decrease brain swelling. The solution would remove water from the brain cells
back into the intravascular system to be excreted. 3% Saline is the only hypertonic option.
_______ solutions cause cell dehydration and help increase fluid in the extracellular space.
A. Hypotonic
B. Osmosis
C. Isotonic
D. Hypertonic -
D. Hypertonic
D5W solutions are sometimes considered a hypotonic solution as well as an isotonic solution
because after the body metabolizes the dextrose the solution acts as a hypotonic solution.
True
False -
TRUE. D5W is classified as a ISOTONIC fluid BUT after administration the
body metabolizes the dextrose and the fluid left over is a hypotonic solution.
Which solution below is NOT a hypertonic solution?
A. 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
B. 5% Saline
C. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's
D. 0.33% saline (1/3 NS) -
D. 0.33% saline (1/3 NS)
Which patient below would NOT be a candidate for a hypotonic solution?
A. Patient with increased intracranial pressure
B. Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
C. Patient experiencing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia
D. All of the options are correct -
A. Patient with increased intracranial pressure
Which condition below could lead to cell lysis, if not properly monitored?
A. Isotonicity
B. Hypertonicity
C. Hypotonicity
D. None of the options are correct -
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