AGPCNP NU 636
Advanced Pharmacology
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of
metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Increases insulin secretion
- B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
- C. Increases glucose absorption in the intestines
- D. Inhibits glucagon release
- ANS: B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
- Rationale: Metformin primarily works by decreasing
hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.
©2024/2025
,2. A 55-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is
prescribed lisinopril. Which of the following is a common side
effect of this medication?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Dry cough
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hyperglycemia
- ANS: B. Dry cough
- Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a
dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels.
3. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for
the treatment of acute asthma exacerbation?
- A. Inhaled corticosteroids
- B. Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)
- C. Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
- D. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
- ANS: C. Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
- Rationale: SABAs are the first-line treatment for acute
asthma exacerbations due to their rapid bronchodilatory effects.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is __________.
- ANS: N-acetylcysteine
- Rationale: N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for
acetaminophen overdose as it replenishes glutathione stores and
detoxifies the reactive metabolite.
5. The therapeutic range for digoxin in the treatment of heart
failure is __________ ng/mL.
- ANS: 0.5-2.0
- Rationale: The therapeutic range for digoxin in heart failure
is 0.5-2.0 ng/mL to ensure efficacy while minimizing toxicity.
6. The primary adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid
therapy is __________.
- ANS: Osteoporosis
- Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid therapy can lead to
osteoporosis due to its effects on bone metabolism.
True/False Questions
©2024/2025
Advanced Pharmacology
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of
metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Increases insulin secretion
- B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
- C. Increases glucose absorption in the intestines
- D. Inhibits glucagon release
- ANS: B. Decreases hepatic glucose production
- Rationale: Metformin primarily works by decreasing
hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.
©2024/2025
,2. A 55-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is
prescribed lisinopril. Which of the following is a common side
effect of this medication?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Dry cough
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hyperglycemia
- ANS: B. Dry cough
- Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a
dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels.
3. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for
the treatment of acute asthma exacerbation?
- A. Inhaled corticosteroids
- B. Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)
- C. Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
- D. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
- ANS: C. Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
- Rationale: SABAs are the first-line treatment for acute
asthma exacerbations due to their rapid bronchodilatory effects.
©2024/2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is __________.
- ANS: N-acetylcysteine
- Rationale: N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for
acetaminophen overdose as it replenishes glutathione stores and
detoxifies the reactive metabolite.
5. The therapeutic range for digoxin in the treatment of heart
failure is __________ ng/mL.
- ANS: 0.5-2.0
- Rationale: The therapeutic range for digoxin in heart failure
is 0.5-2.0 ng/mL to ensure efficacy while minimizing toxicity.
6. The primary adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid
therapy is __________.
- ANS: Osteoporosis
- Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid therapy can lead to
osteoporosis due to its effects on bone metabolism.
True/False Questions
©2024/2025
