1. Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Nephron
B) Glomerulus
C) Renal corpuscle
D) Renal pelvis
Answer: A) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood,
reabsorbing nutrients, and excreting waste products in the form of urine.
2. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating breathing and heart rate?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Thalamus
D) Cerebrum
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls autonomic functions like
breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
3. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
A) Detoxification of harmful substances
B) Production of insulin
C) Synthesis of plasma proteins
D) Bile production
Answer: B) Production of insulin
Rationale: The liver is involved in detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production, but
insulin is produced by the pancreas.
4. Which muscle type is under voluntary control?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) All of the above
, Answer: A) Skeletal muscle
Rationale: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, meaning its movements are consciously
controlled by the nervous system.
5. Which structure in the heart prevents backflow of blood into the atria?
A) Aortic valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Pulmonary valve
D) Bicuspid valve
Answer: B) Tricuspid valve
Rationale: The tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, prevents the
backflow of blood into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.
6. Which of the following components is primarily responsible for the oxygen
transport in the blood?
A) Plasma
B) Platelets
C) Red blood cells
D) White blood cells
Answer: C) Red blood cells
Rationale: Red blood cells (RBCs) contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and
transports it through the bloodstream to tissues.
7. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pancreas?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Estrogen
D) Cortisol
Answer: A) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels
by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
A) Nephron
B) Glomerulus
C) Renal corpuscle
D) Renal pelvis
Answer: A) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood,
reabsorbing nutrients, and excreting waste products in the form of urine.
2. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating breathing and heart rate?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Thalamus
D) Cerebrum
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls autonomic functions like
breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
3. Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
A) Detoxification of harmful substances
B) Production of insulin
C) Synthesis of plasma proteins
D) Bile production
Answer: B) Production of insulin
Rationale: The liver is involved in detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production, but
insulin is produced by the pancreas.
4. Which muscle type is under voluntary control?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) All of the above
, Answer: A) Skeletal muscle
Rationale: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, meaning its movements are consciously
controlled by the nervous system.
5. Which structure in the heart prevents backflow of blood into the atria?
A) Aortic valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Pulmonary valve
D) Bicuspid valve
Answer: B) Tricuspid valve
Rationale: The tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, prevents the
backflow of blood into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.
6. Which of the following components is primarily responsible for the oxygen
transport in the blood?
A) Plasma
B) Platelets
C) Red blood cells
D) White blood cells
Answer: C) Red blood cells
Rationale: Red blood cells (RBCs) contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and
transports it through the bloodstream to tissues.
7. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pancreas?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Estrogen
D) Cortisol
Answer: A) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels
by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
