FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM
question with answers
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order
of urine flow? - Ans>> (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1)
urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? - Ans>> Removal of waste products, and Regulation of
fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Ans>> Renin is a hormone
produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation
of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
,Erythropoietin - Ans>> stimulates the bone marrow to produce
red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - Ans>> The kidney
converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated
form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping
absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - Ans>> No
longer produce calcitriol - the active form of Vitamin D o
Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the
bone - bone begins to break down to release the calcium needed
for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o
Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased
PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - Ans>> Intracellular-
inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-
inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? - Ans>> Maintaining a stable internal
environment
uremia - Ans>> build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - Ans>> A membrane
made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain
molecules can fit through.
, What does a steady decline in KECN test results signify? - Ans>>
There may be a need for more heparin. If the heparin dose is not
adequate, the fibers of the dialyzer may be clotting off causing
decrease in clearance
What is Kt/V? - Ans>> It is a measurement of how well we are
cleaning wastes from our patients' blood
What's anemia? - Ans>> lack of RBC's
What is crenation and what causes it to occur? - Ans>> Crenation
is the shriveling of red blood cells caused by too high of a
concentration of sodium in the dialysate (hypertonic dialysate).
What causes muscle cramps during dialysis? - Ans>> Large
amounts of fluid removal Rapid sodium and / potassium changes
in the muscle fibers Vasoconstriction/Cramping may occur at any
time during treatment; most frequently observed mid to late in
the treatment. Cramping can occur in any muscle and is most
frequently found in the extremities
How is cramping treated? - Ans>> Pressure against cramping
muscle. DO NOT MASSAGE
Which additional check is performed weekly and before the first
treatment after disinfection? - Ans>> Residual bleach
Normal Temp Range for dialysate? - Ans>> 35.5-39 'c
question with answers
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order
of urine flow? - Ans>> (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1)
urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? - Ans>> Removal of waste products, and Regulation of
fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Ans>> Renin is a hormone
produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation
of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
,Erythropoietin - Ans>> stimulates the bone marrow to produce
red blood cells (RBSc).
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - Ans>> The kidney
converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated
form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping
absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? - Ans>> No
longer produce calcitriol - the active form of Vitamin D o
Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the
bone - bone begins to break down to release the calcium needed
for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o
Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased
PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - Ans>> Intracellular-
inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-
inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells
What is homeostasis? - Ans>> Maintaining a stable internal
environment
uremia - Ans>> build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - Ans>> A membrane
made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain
molecules can fit through.
, What does a steady decline in KECN test results signify? - Ans>>
There may be a need for more heparin. If the heparin dose is not
adequate, the fibers of the dialyzer may be clotting off causing
decrease in clearance
What is Kt/V? - Ans>> It is a measurement of how well we are
cleaning wastes from our patients' blood
What's anemia? - Ans>> lack of RBC's
What is crenation and what causes it to occur? - Ans>> Crenation
is the shriveling of red blood cells caused by too high of a
concentration of sodium in the dialysate (hypertonic dialysate).
What causes muscle cramps during dialysis? - Ans>> Large
amounts of fluid removal Rapid sodium and / potassium changes
in the muscle fibers Vasoconstriction/Cramping may occur at any
time during treatment; most frequently observed mid to late in
the treatment. Cramping can occur in any muscle and is most
frequently found in the extremities
How is cramping treated? - Ans>> Pressure against cramping
muscle. DO NOT MASSAGE
Which additional check is performed weekly and before the first
treatment after disinfection? - Ans>> Residual bleach
Normal Temp Range for dialysate? - Ans>> 35.5-39 'c
