TExES Core Subjects EC-6 (291)--English
language Arts and Reading & the
Science of Teaching Reading Exam Q’s
and A’s
Affix - -A Structural element added to the beginning or ending of a word in
order to alter the meaning, pronunciation, or function (eg. prefixes and
suffixes).
- Alliteration - -Words in a sentence or phrase that begin mostly with the
same letter sound.
- Alphabet - -The written symbols (graphemes) of a language arranged in a
special order. The English alphabet has 26 letters of graphemes.
- Alphabetic Principle - -The idea that individual letters represent individual
speech sounds; therefore, words may be read by saying the sounds
represented by the letters, and words may be spelled by writing the letters
that represent the sounds.
- Alphabetic recognition - -The ability to name letters of the alphabet.
- Balanced approach to literacy - -The use of different strategies and
approaches to teach reading.
- Basal reader - -A collection of stories that matches the instructional level
of children, usually seen as the reading textbook in schools.
- Bilingual education - -Instruction that involves presenting reading and
other subject area materials in the child's native language, while gradually
introducing English.
- Blending - -The skill of combining separate sounds to create a word
(/t/ /o/ /p/ = top)
- Choral reading - -Oral reading, often of poetry, involving more than one
reader.
- Consonant blend or cluster - -Two or three letters in the same syllable that
are blended or heard when pronounced.
(e.g., tr in tree)
, - Consonant digraph - -A combination of two or more letters that represent
a sound that is different from the speech sound that the letters represent
individually.
(e.g. ch in chop)
- Context clues - -Words or phrases within a reading passage that give hints
to vocabulary meaning.
- Contextual - -Depending on or pertaining to context (a word's placement
in a sentence) that a reader can analyze and use to determine meaning.
- Conventions - -Certain established patterns in language and writing. For
example, in English we read from the top of the page to the bottom, and
from the left to the right.
- Convergent question - -A question with one correct answer (e.g. "What is
the capital of Texas?").
- Conversation - -An activity involving two or more persons taking turns
about a subject.
- Debate - -A discussion involving varying viewpoints on a central topic,
where sides are supported.
- Decode - -Deciphering word meaning; associating printed letters with the
speech sounds the letters make.
- Developing writing stage - -One of the patterns (e.g. scribble writing, one-
letter labeling, inventive spelling) evidenced by an individual as he or she
emerges into writing.
- Diagnostic assessment - -Prior to instruction, determining students'
difficulties or lack of knowledge to decide the path of further instruction that
matches the students' needs.
- Dialect - -A linguistic change or variation in speech pronunciation that is
different from the standard, or original pronunciation.
- Diphthong - -Two adjacent vowels in which each vowel is heard in the
pronunciation.
(e.g., ou in house)
- Discussion - -Focused conversations about the specific topic.
- Divergent question - -A question that could have many correct answers.
(e.g., "What is the best way to limit pollution?")
language Arts and Reading & the
Science of Teaching Reading Exam Q’s
and A’s
Affix - -A Structural element added to the beginning or ending of a word in
order to alter the meaning, pronunciation, or function (eg. prefixes and
suffixes).
- Alliteration - -Words in a sentence or phrase that begin mostly with the
same letter sound.
- Alphabet - -The written symbols (graphemes) of a language arranged in a
special order. The English alphabet has 26 letters of graphemes.
- Alphabetic Principle - -The idea that individual letters represent individual
speech sounds; therefore, words may be read by saying the sounds
represented by the letters, and words may be spelled by writing the letters
that represent the sounds.
- Alphabetic recognition - -The ability to name letters of the alphabet.
- Balanced approach to literacy - -The use of different strategies and
approaches to teach reading.
- Basal reader - -A collection of stories that matches the instructional level
of children, usually seen as the reading textbook in schools.
- Bilingual education - -Instruction that involves presenting reading and
other subject area materials in the child's native language, while gradually
introducing English.
- Blending - -The skill of combining separate sounds to create a word
(/t/ /o/ /p/ = top)
- Choral reading - -Oral reading, often of poetry, involving more than one
reader.
- Consonant blend or cluster - -Two or three letters in the same syllable that
are blended or heard when pronounced.
(e.g., tr in tree)
, - Consonant digraph - -A combination of two or more letters that represent
a sound that is different from the speech sound that the letters represent
individually.
(e.g. ch in chop)
- Context clues - -Words or phrases within a reading passage that give hints
to vocabulary meaning.
- Contextual - -Depending on or pertaining to context (a word's placement
in a sentence) that a reader can analyze and use to determine meaning.
- Conventions - -Certain established patterns in language and writing. For
example, in English we read from the top of the page to the bottom, and
from the left to the right.
- Convergent question - -A question with one correct answer (e.g. "What is
the capital of Texas?").
- Conversation - -An activity involving two or more persons taking turns
about a subject.
- Debate - -A discussion involving varying viewpoints on a central topic,
where sides are supported.
- Decode - -Deciphering word meaning; associating printed letters with the
speech sounds the letters make.
- Developing writing stage - -One of the patterns (e.g. scribble writing, one-
letter labeling, inventive spelling) evidenced by an individual as he or she
emerges into writing.
- Diagnostic assessment - -Prior to instruction, determining students'
difficulties or lack of knowledge to decide the path of further instruction that
matches the students' needs.
- Dialect - -A linguistic change or variation in speech pronunciation that is
different from the standard, or original pronunciation.
- Diphthong - -Two adjacent vowels in which each vowel is heard in the
pronunciation.
(e.g., ou in house)
- Discussion - -Focused conversations about the specific topic.
- Divergent question - -A question that could have many correct answers.
(e.g., "What is the best way to limit pollution?")
