Biotech Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
Agricultural biotechnology - Correct Answers ✅Any tool
used to alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make
or modify products that improve plants/animals for human
benefit
Selective breeding - Correct Answers ✅the human practice
of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits
Hybridization - Correct Answers ✅breeding technique that
involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the
best traits of both organisms
Plant biotechnology - Correct Answers ✅This aims at
creating plants with new, useful genes; usually for nutritional
or environmental benefit. Plants cells can be cloned to
produce whole new adult plants. Transfection can be carried
out by use of vectors.
Benefits of plant biotech - Correct Answers ✅Fight pests
and disease
Improved nutritional quality (tastier too)
Tolerance to severe environments
Plant propagation - Correct Answers ✅using a part of a
plant to increase the number of that plant
,Biotech Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
Example of plant propagation - Correct Answers ✅Mildew-
resistant pea may be crossed with a
high-yielding but susceptible pea
In vitro - Correct Answers ✅In a test tube, glass, or
artificial environment
Protoplast fusion - Correct Answers ✅A technique of
genetic engineering in which genetic material is combined by
removing the cell walls (with cellulase) of two different types
of cells and allowing the resulting protoplasts to fuse (form
hybrid)
Mutagenesis - Correct Answers ✅The creation of a
mutation
Plant Tissue Culture - Correct Answers ✅(Asexual
propagation - clone) the growth and development of plant
seeds, organs, explants, tissues, cells or protoplasts on a
nutrient media.
A small piece of leaf/stem/cell is isolated and placed on a
tissue culture with agar (desolved sugar, nutrients, and plant
growth regulators).
Plant cloning - Correct Answers ✅process of root cells
cultured in nutrient medium, cell division within culture,
plantlet, then adult plant.
,Biotech Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
Callus cells - Correct Answers ✅mass of undifferentiated
plant tissue (roots or shoots)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Correct Answers ✅bacterium
that transfers the Ti plasmid to plants
Ti plasmid - Correct Answers ✅A plasmid of a tumor-
inducing bacterium that integrates a segment of its DNA into
the host chromosome of a plant; frequently used as a carrier
for genetic engineering in plants.
leaf fragment technique - Correct Answers ✅-small disks
are cut from a leaf, and are cultured in a medium containing
GM agrobacter
- disks are treated with hormones to stimulate shoot and root
development
monocotyledonous plants - Correct Answers ✅Plants that
grow from a single seed embryo (corn, wheat)
Dicotyledonous plants - Correct Answers ✅Plants that grow
from two seed halves (tomatoes, apples)
Gene guns - Correct Answers ✅foreign DNA "shot" through
thick cellulose walls of plants using microparticles of gold
, Biotech Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
coated with DNA (usually used for resistant crops) (hit or
miss)
marker gene - Correct Answers ✅Enables transformed
bacteria with recombinant DNA to be identified; confers
observable trait
chloroplast engineering - Correct Answers ✅DNA in
Chloroplast can accept several foreign genes at once. DNA in
chloroplast separate from pollen(no chance of procreating)
High percent of DNA remains inactive
Antisense technology - Correct Answers ✅A type of
technology that stops proteins production by binding to
mRNA (blocks translation); also promote mRNA destruction
by RNAse
Example of antisense technology - Correct Answers ✅Flavr
Savr Tomato - normal mRNA inactivated --> no pectin or PG
produced --> slower rotting
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) - Correct Answers ✅microbe eats
mosquito larvae; used in municipal control programs and by
home gardeners; environmental friendly (corn, cotton have
this Bt toxin)
Complete Solutions
Agricultural biotechnology - Correct Answers ✅Any tool
used to alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make
or modify products that improve plants/animals for human
benefit
Selective breeding - Correct Answers ✅the human practice
of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits
Hybridization - Correct Answers ✅breeding technique that
involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the
best traits of both organisms
Plant biotechnology - Correct Answers ✅This aims at
creating plants with new, useful genes; usually for nutritional
or environmental benefit. Plants cells can be cloned to
produce whole new adult plants. Transfection can be carried
out by use of vectors.
Benefits of plant biotech - Correct Answers ✅Fight pests
and disease
Improved nutritional quality (tastier too)
Tolerance to severe environments
Plant propagation - Correct Answers ✅using a part of a
plant to increase the number of that plant
,Biotech Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
Example of plant propagation - Correct Answers ✅Mildew-
resistant pea may be crossed with a
high-yielding but susceptible pea
In vitro - Correct Answers ✅In a test tube, glass, or
artificial environment
Protoplast fusion - Correct Answers ✅A technique of
genetic engineering in which genetic material is combined by
removing the cell walls (with cellulase) of two different types
of cells and allowing the resulting protoplasts to fuse (form
hybrid)
Mutagenesis - Correct Answers ✅The creation of a
mutation
Plant Tissue Culture - Correct Answers ✅(Asexual
propagation - clone) the growth and development of plant
seeds, organs, explants, tissues, cells or protoplasts on a
nutrient media.
A small piece of leaf/stem/cell is isolated and placed on a
tissue culture with agar (desolved sugar, nutrients, and plant
growth regulators).
Plant cloning - Correct Answers ✅process of root cells
cultured in nutrient medium, cell division within culture,
plantlet, then adult plant.
,Biotech Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
Callus cells - Correct Answers ✅mass of undifferentiated
plant tissue (roots or shoots)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Correct Answers ✅bacterium
that transfers the Ti plasmid to plants
Ti plasmid - Correct Answers ✅A plasmid of a tumor-
inducing bacterium that integrates a segment of its DNA into
the host chromosome of a plant; frequently used as a carrier
for genetic engineering in plants.
leaf fragment technique - Correct Answers ✅-small disks
are cut from a leaf, and are cultured in a medium containing
GM agrobacter
- disks are treated with hormones to stimulate shoot and root
development
monocotyledonous plants - Correct Answers ✅Plants that
grow from a single seed embryo (corn, wheat)
Dicotyledonous plants - Correct Answers ✅Plants that grow
from two seed halves (tomatoes, apples)
Gene guns - Correct Answers ✅foreign DNA "shot" through
thick cellulose walls of plants using microparticles of gold
, Biotech Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions
coated with DNA (usually used for resistant crops) (hit or
miss)
marker gene - Correct Answers ✅Enables transformed
bacteria with recombinant DNA to be identified; confers
observable trait
chloroplast engineering - Correct Answers ✅DNA in
Chloroplast can accept several foreign genes at once. DNA in
chloroplast separate from pollen(no chance of procreating)
High percent of DNA remains inactive
Antisense technology - Correct Answers ✅A type of
technology that stops proteins production by binding to
mRNA (blocks translation); also promote mRNA destruction
by RNAse
Example of antisense technology - Correct Answers ✅Flavr
Savr Tomato - normal mRNA inactivated --> no pectin or PG
produced --> slower rotting
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) - Correct Answers ✅microbe eats
mosquito larvae; used in municipal control programs and by
home gardeners; environmental friendly (corn, cotton have
this Bt toxin)
