QMA MEDICATIONS EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

QMA MEDICATIONS EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS Stool Softeners - Answer-Actions: increases moisture in stool making making evacuation easier Side effects: mild abminal cramping, can cause diarrhea Considerations: take 1-3 days to work. Bulk laxatives - Answer-Actions: absorbs water and expands to increase bulk and moisturize content of stool, promotes regular stool evacuation Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea c excessive use, esophageal, gastric, small intestine and rectal obstruction when med taken in dry form Considerations: administer c 8 oz of pleasant tasting liquid, encourage fluids, acts within 12hrs-3days Colonic acidifires - Answer-Actions: (man made sugar solution) decreases amount of ammonia in the blood, increases water content in stool, treats constipation Side effects: abdominal cramping, diarrhea and flatulence Considerations: store at room temp and can be given with fruit juice or food. Osmotic laxatives - Answer-Actions: draws water into stool, increases number or bowel movements, treats severe constipation Side effects: abdominal cramping, urgency Considerations: take in morning, bm within 4 hours Enemas - Answer-Actions: draw fluid into bowel promoting evacuation of stool, colon prep or severe constipation Side effects: abdominal cramping Considerations: large hemorrhoids or anal excoriation, notify nurse to assess Crohn's or ulcerative colitis - Answer-Actions: reduces tissue inflammation and damage, treats pain and diarrhea, treats chronic constipation or opioid induces constipation Side effects: diarrhea, constipation, fever, headache, flu-like symptoms, abnormal liver tests, nausea Considerations: notify nurse or severe abdominal cramping, swelling of face and lips. Contradicted in those without a gall bladder. Results within 2-4 hrs Antacids medication examples - Answer--aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphojel) -magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) -mylicon (simethicone) -maalox, malanga, riopan (combination of magnesium and aluminum) -TUMS, Rolaids (calcium carbonate) Anti-ulcer medication examples - Answer--Pepcid (famotidine) -protonix (pantoprazole) -Prilosec (omeprazole) -carafate (sucralfate) -Prevacid (lansoprazole) -nexium (esomeprazole magnesium -Zantac (ranitidine) Antiemetics medication examples - Answer--antivert (meclizine) -compazine (prochlorperazine) -phenergan (promethazine hydrochloride) -Dramamine (dimenhydrinate) -Tigan (trimethobenzamide) Emetics medication example - Answer--Syrup of Ipecac Antidiarrheals medication examples - Answer--Pepto-bismol (bismuth) -Kaopectate (kaolin and pectin) -pectin (from apples) -lomotil (atropine/diphenoxylate -Imodium (loperamide) Opiates (slow down intestinal mobility) medication example - Answer--paregoric (anhydrous morphine) GI meds that alter mobility examples - Answer--atropine sulfate -lomotil (dipenoxylate/atropine) -donnatal (phenobarbital) -Imodium (loperamide) -bentyl (dicyclomine) -raglan (metoclopramide) Stimulant laxatives medication examples - Answer--castor oil -senokot (senna) -ducolax (bisacodyl) -ex-lax doxidan (phenolphthalein) Saline laxative medication example - Answer--milk of magnesia (magnesium salts) Stool softeners medication example - Answer--surfak (docusate calcium) -colace (docusate sodium) -fibercon (calcium polycarbophil) Bulk laxatives medication examples - Answer--metamucil (psyllium) -citrucel (methylcellucose) Colonic acidifier medication example - Answer--chronulac, enulose (lactose) Enema medication example - Answer--fleets enema (sodium phosphate) Crohns or ulcerative colitis medication examples - Answer--mesalamine Anti-Inflammatory steroid medication examples - Answer--Decadron (dexamethasone) -meticorten, orasone (prednisone) -medrol (methylprednisolone) -cortef (hydrocortisone) -kenalog (triamcinolone) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Answer-Actions: block substances that promote inflammation. Used to treat arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis and gout Side effects: nausea, headaches, GI bleeding, vertigo. Heartburn, decreased appetite, prolonged bleeding, increased bruising, tinnitus, abdominal pain/cramps, change in renal function, fatigue Considerations: better tolerated with food, handle residents gently NSAID medication examples - Answer--indocin (indomerhacin) -Morton, advil, nuprin (ibuprofen) -naprosyn, Aleve (naproxen) -Voltaren (diclofanac) -relafen (nabumetone) -clinoril (sulindac)