©Jason MacConnell 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PHCH 667 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers A+
Why study clinical chemistry? - Answer✔-monitor drug interactions
-home use tests
-genetics/likelihood of getting disease
-confirm diagnosis
Why are statistics used in clinical chemistry? - Answer✔"draws lines in the sand" for patient
specimen, control specimen, analytical test calibrators
What are some examples of how statistics are used in clinical chemistry? - Answer✔qualitative
and quantitative tests
reference ranges
What is Standard Deviation and how do you calculate it? - Answer✔square root of the variance
*SD measures precision
What is the 68-95-99% rule? - Answer✔1 SD contains 68% of data
2 SD contains 95% of data
3 SD contains 99% of data
What are T-Tests used for? - Answer✔Determines if two gaussian data values are the same or
different
What is the most commonly used acceptable level of significance used in clinical chemistry? -
Answer✔p=0.05
What is a reference range? - Answer✔range where 95% of the "healthy" individuals are within
What is specificity and how is it measured? - Answer✔true negative rate of test (correctly
identifies those who do not have a disease)
, ©Jason MacConnell 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
TN/(FP + TN)
What is sensitivity and how is it measured? - Answer✔detects a true positive (correctly identifies
those who have a disease)
TP/(TP + FN)
What is a positive predictive value (PPV) and how is it used? - Answer✔fraction of positive tests
that were correct
TP/(TP + FP)
What is a negative predictive value (NPV) and how is it used? - Answer✔fraction of all negative
results which are true
TN/(TN + FN)
What is the impact of disease prevalence on PPV and NPV? - Answer✔as disease prevalence
decreases:
PPV: DECREASES
NPV: INCREASE
What are some examples of mishandling clinical samples and laboratory errors that effect test
results? - Answer✔-improper storage/handling
-improper timing of sample collection
-faulty reagents
-controls not working correctly
-technical problems with instruments
-improper calibration
-calculation errors
What are homogeneous samples? - Answer✔mixture where no separation step is required
What are heterogenous samples? - Answer✔mixture where a separation step is required
What are the principles of UV/Vis spec? - Answer✔the concentration of an analyte solution can
be determined by measuring absorbance at a defined wavelength
PHCH 667 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers A+
Why study clinical chemistry? - Answer✔-monitor drug interactions
-home use tests
-genetics/likelihood of getting disease
-confirm diagnosis
Why are statistics used in clinical chemistry? - Answer✔"draws lines in the sand" for patient
specimen, control specimen, analytical test calibrators
What are some examples of how statistics are used in clinical chemistry? - Answer✔qualitative
and quantitative tests
reference ranges
What is Standard Deviation and how do you calculate it? - Answer✔square root of the variance
*SD measures precision
What is the 68-95-99% rule? - Answer✔1 SD contains 68% of data
2 SD contains 95% of data
3 SD contains 99% of data
What are T-Tests used for? - Answer✔Determines if two gaussian data values are the same or
different
What is the most commonly used acceptable level of significance used in clinical chemistry? -
Answer✔p=0.05
What is a reference range? - Answer✔range where 95% of the "healthy" individuals are within
What is specificity and how is it measured? - Answer✔true negative rate of test (correctly
identifies those who do not have a disease)
, ©Jason MacConnell 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
TN/(FP + TN)
What is sensitivity and how is it measured? - Answer✔detects a true positive (correctly identifies
those who have a disease)
TP/(TP + FN)
What is a positive predictive value (PPV) and how is it used? - Answer✔fraction of positive tests
that were correct
TP/(TP + FP)
What is a negative predictive value (NPV) and how is it used? - Answer✔fraction of all negative
results which are true
TN/(TN + FN)
What is the impact of disease prevalence on PPV and NPV? - Answer✔as disease prevalence
decreases:
PPV: DECREASES
NPV: INCREASE
What are some examples of mishandling clinical samples and laboratory errors that effect test
results? - Answer✔-improper storage/handling
-improper timing of sample collection
-faulty reagents
-controls not working correctly
-technical problems with instruments
-improper calibration
-calculation errors
What are homogeneous samples? - Answer✔mixture where no separation step is required
What are heterogenous samples? - Answer✔mixture where a separation step is required
What are the principles of UV/Vis spec? - Answer✔the concentration of an analyte solution can
be determined by measuring absorbance at a defined wavelength
