Bio 230 Cardiovascular
System Solved Questions
with Clear Explanations
Included
Cardiovascular System - answer Heart pump, blood, blood vessels
(tubes)
Function of Cardiovascular System - answer Blood transfer: oxygen
and carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, immune cells [white blood
cells], waste [to kidneys], carries "buffers" maintain pH about 7.4.
Platelets [clotting cells]-> maintaining "homeostasis" keep blood
circulating, platelets half size of RBC, not a cell.
Two Components of Whole Blood: 1) Plasma - answer about 55% of
whole blood.... Liquid Portion: 92% water, 7% proteins and 1%
electrolytes, nutrients, waste.
Two Components of Whole Blood: 2) Formed Elements - answer Red
Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets.
RBC aka ERYTHROCYTES: "Red Blood Cells": size RBC's about 7.5
mm. Biconcave shaped for more surface area. - answer RBC a "bag"
to carry hemoglobin, [HgB]=protein that binds/carries oxygen. No
Organelles, does not divide, not a true cell, no nuclei. Life span
about 120 days. RBC's lumen of blood vessels surrounded by
endothelium, simple squamous E.T.
RBC's Formed [Erythropoesis] in Red Marrow] - answer million of red
blood cells, poesis= forming blood cells. Find in red marrow of our
body. Such as; femur, long bones. Hormone Erythroprotein [EPO]
, made by Kidney, this simulates erythropoesis. Good RBC's: 37% to
44%. Bad RBC: 32 to 55%= blood too thick and will clot.
RBC's Continued - answer Remember Lance Armstrong, did this to
increase blood count=increasing oxygen to increase Fast [white]
twitch fibers=more endurance. "Old RBC's" taken out by LIVER &
SPLEEN
WBC'S [Leukocytes] - answer TRUE Cells. make up <.1% of total
blood volume about 4,000 to 10,000 WBC's. 100,000WBC's
=Leukemia cancer of WBC's = uncontrolled division of WBC's. WBC's
also made in Red Marrow
5 Types of WBC's [Leukocytes] - answer Never, Let, Monkeys, Eat,
Bananas. 1) Neutrophils: 50-70%. 2) Lymphocytes: 30%. 3)
Monocytes: 3-8%. 4) Eosinophils: 2-4%. 5)Basophils: <1%
WBC's Divided into TWO Classes - answer 1) Granulocytes [have
granules in cytoplasm]. and 2) A granulocytes [no granules]
Granulocytes [3 types] - answer 1) Neutrophils [purple]. 2)
Eosinophils [red, pink]. and 3) Basophils [blue]
1. Neutrophils - answer most common, about 1.5 times size of RBC.
Fine lilac granules [weird shaped nucleus]. Nucleus is multi lobed,
usually 3 to 5 lobes. these are the First responders to an "invasion."
Phagocytes=pus=dead WBC's+ dead 'bad guys'
2. Eosinophils - answer 2.4% 2 times size of RBC, Nucleus is bilobed,
large red granules, respond to allergies [hay fever, asthma] and
parasympathetic worm infections.
3. Basophils: ...rare.. <1%. 1.5 times size of RBC's (about same size
as neutrophils). "S" shaped nucleus but you can't see it. 2% blue
System Solved Questions
with Clear Explanations
Included
Cardiovascular System - answer Heart pump, blood, blood vessels
(tubes)
Function of Cardiovascular System - answer Blood transfer: oxygen
and carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, immune cells [white blood
cells], waste [to kidneys], carries "buffers" maintain pH about 7.4.
Platelets [clotting cells]-> maintaining "homeostasis" keep blood
circulating, platelets half size of RBC, not a cell.
Two Components of Whole Blood: 1) Plasma - answer about 55% of
whole blood.... Liquid Portion: 92% water, 7% proteins and 1%
electrolytes, nutrients, waste.
Two Components of Whole Blood: 2) Formed Elements - answer Red
Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets.
RBC aka ERYTHROCYTES: "Red Blood Cells": size RBC's about 7.5
mm. Biconcave shaped for more surface area. - answer RBC a "bag"
to carry hemoglobin, [HgB]=protein that binds/carries oxygen. No
Organelles, does not divide, not a true cell, no nuclei. Life span
about 120 days. RBC's lumen of blood vessels surrounded by
endothelium, simple squamous E.T.
RBC's Formed [Erythropoesis] in Red Marrow] - answer million of red
blood cells, poesis= forming blood cells. Find in red marrow of our
body. Such as; femur, long bones. Hormone Erythroprotein [EPO]
, made by Kidney, this simulates erythropoesis. Good RBC's: 37% to
44%. Bad RBC: 32 to 55%= blood too thick and will clot.
RBC's Continued - answer Remember Lance Armstrong, did this to
increase blood count=increasing oxygen to increase Fast [white]
twitch fibers=more endurance. "Old RBC's" taken out by LIVER &
SPLEEN
WBC'S [Leukocytes] - answer TRUE Cells. make up <.1% of total
blood volume about 4,000 to 10,000 WBC's. 100,000WBC's
=Leukemia cancer of WBC's = uncontrolled division of WBC's. WBC's
also made in Red Marrow
5 Types of WBC's [Leukocytes] - answer Never, Let, Monkeys, Eat,
Bananas. 1) Neutrophils: 50-70%. 2) Lymphocytes: 30%. 3)
Monocytes: 3-8%. 4) Eosinophils: 2-4%. 5)Basophils: <1%
WBC's Divided into TWO Classes - answer 1) Granulocytes [have
granules in cytoplasm]. and 2) A granulocytes [no granules]
Granulocytes [3 types] - answer 1) Neutrophils [purple]. 2)
Eosinophils [red, pink]. and 3) Basophils [blue]
1. Neutrophils - answer most common, about 1.5 times size of RBC.
Fine lilac granules [weird shaped nucleus]. Nucleus is multi lobed,
usually 3 to 5 lobes. these are the First responders to an "invasion."
Phagocytes=pus=dead WBC's+ dead 'bad guys'
2. Eosinophils - answer 2.4% 2 times size of RBC, Nucleus is bilobed,
large red granules, respond to allergies [hay fever, asthma] and
parasympathetic worm infections.
3. Basophils: ...rare.. <1%. 1.5 times size of RBC's (about same size
as neutrophils). "S" shaped nucleus but you can't see it. 2% blue
