NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam 2 VERSIONS QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
what 3 test confirm diabetes diagnosis
A1C ≥ 6.5%
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dLA1C
when should insulin be considered
when A1C is >10% or if there are symptoms of hyperglycemia
at what time interval should glucose labs be rechecked
every 3 months until goal is met and then every 6 months
how do you prevent diabetic nephropathy
Medications: ACE inhibitors or ARBs (renin-angiotensin system blockers).
Glycemic Control: Maintain HbA1c targets.
Blood Pressure Control: Goal of <140/90 mm Hg.
what is the action in insulin
Lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose into
cells and managing the bodys metabolism of fats, proteins and carbs.
pioglitazone is used to treat
diabetes
what are the contraindications of pioglitazone
heart failure
active bladder cancer
liver disease
which diabetic drug has a chance of causing pancereatitis
DPP4
what are the adverse effects of Pioglitazone
,Weight gain.
Edema
risk of heart failure.
Increased risk of fractures.
Bladder cancer risk.
what is the MOA of Pioglitzaone
Increases insulin sensitivity by activating PPAR-γ receptors in adipose
tissue, muscle, and liver.
drug class abbreviation of GLP-1
(exendatide /byetta)
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists.
drug class abbreviation TZD
Thiazolidinedione's
drug class abbreviation of DPP-4i (januiva)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.
Drug class abbreviation of SGLT2i
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors.
what drug class is considered before insulin
biguanaide(metformin)
what is the MOA of metformin
Reduces hepatic glucose production.
Enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissue.
what category is metformin
category B so it is considered safe
what are the side effects of metformin
,GI issues (nausea, diarrhea).
Risk of lactic acidosis (rare but serious).
what is the MOA of GLP-1
MOA of TZD
what diabetic medication has the FDA put restriction on d/t links of MI and
sudden cardiac death
TZD (pioglitazone)
MOA of sulfonlyureas (glyburide )
side effects of sulfonlureas
hypoglycemia
weight gain
GI disturbances
which drug suppresses postprandial release of glucagon
DPP4
MOA of DPP-4 (januvia)
MOA if SGL2i (Canagliflozin)
what is the most common side effect of SGLT
UTI
what 3 things should be monitored when on GLP 1 receptor agonists
blood glucose
renal function
weight loss
are sulfonureas safe in pregnancy
no
is incretin mimetics safe in pregnancy
no
what diabetic drug can cause unintended pregnancy
TZD- Pioglitazone
what is the benefit of metformin
reduces the risk of cardiovascular dx
, helps with weight loss
which diabetic medication comes with a concern of hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides
Insulin.
what 3 labs are used for diagnosing thyroid dx
TSH
Free T4
Total 3
what is the time frame for rechecking labs after starting synthroid
6-8 weeks after initiation or dose adjustment
signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, constipation.
signs sand symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Weight loss
heat intolerance
anxiety
tremors
palpitations
increased appetite.
what medication treats thyroid storm
beta blockers
anti thyroid drugs(methimazole & PTU)
corticosteroids
fluids
what is the first line treatment for hyperthyroidism
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
what 3 test confirm diabetes diagnosis
A1C ≥ 6.5%
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dLA1C
when should insulin be considered
when A1C is >10% or if there are symptoms of hyperglycemia
at what time interval should glucose labs be rechecked
every 3 months until goal is met and then every 6 months
how do you prevent diabetic nephropathy
Medications: ACE inhibitors or ARBs (renin-angiotensin system blockers).
Glycemic Control: Maintain HbA1c targets.
Blood Pressure Control: Goal of <140/90 mm Hg.
what is the action in insulin
Lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose into
cells and managing the bodys metabolism of fats, proteins and carbs.
pioglitazone is used to treat
diabetes
what are the contraindications of pioglitazone
heart failure
active bladder cancer
liver disease
which diabetic drug has a chance of causing pancereatitis
DPP4
what are the adverse effects of Pioglitazone
,Weight gain.
Edema
risk of heart failure.
Increased risk of fractures.
Bladder cancer risk.
what is the MOA of Pioglitzaone
Increases insulin sensitivity by activating PPAR-γ receptors in adipose
tissue, muscle, and liver.
drug class abbreviation of GLP-1
(exendatide /byetta)
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists.
drug class abbreviation TZD
Thiazolidinedione's
drug class abbreviation of DPP-4i (januiva)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.
Drug class abbreviation of SGLT2i
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors.
what drug class is considered before insulin
biguanaide(metformin)
what is the MOA of metformin
Reduces hepatic glucose production.
Enhances insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissue.
what category is metformin
category B so it is considered safe
what are the side effects of metformin
,GI issues (nausea, diarrhea).
Risk of lactic acidosis (rare but serious).
what is the MOA of GLP-1
MOA of TZD
what diabetic medication has the FDA put restriction on d/t links of MI and
sudden cardiac death
TZD (pioglitazone)
MOA of sulfonlyureas (glyburide )
side effects of sulfonlureas
hypoglycemia
weight gain
GI disturbances
which drug suppresses postprandial release of glucagon
DPP4
MOA of DPP-4 (januvia)
MOA if SGL2i (Canagliflozin)
what is the most common side effect of SGLT
UTI
what 3 things should be monitored when on GLP 1 receptor agonists
blood glucose
renal function
weight loss
are sulfonureas safe in pregnancy
no
is incretin mimetics safe in pregnancy
no
what diabetic drug can cause unintended pregnancy
TZD- Pioglitazone
what is the benefit of metformin
reduces the risk of cardiovascular dx
, helps with weight loss
which diabetic medication comes with a concern of hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides
Insulin.
what 3 labs are used for diagnosing thyroid dx
TSH
Free T4
Total 3
what is the time frame for rechecking labs after starting synthroid
6-8 weeks after initiation or dose adjustment
signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, constipation.
signs sand symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Weight loss
heat intolerance
anxiety
tremors
palpitations
increased appetite.
what medication treats thyroid storm
beta blockers
anti thyroid drugs(methimazole & PTU)
corticosteroids
fluids
what is the first line treatment for hyperthyroidism
