NUR 514: Exam 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS, A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS
__________ insulin is a short-acting insulin when administered IV has an onset/peak action of 10-30
minutes, and a duration of 30-60 minutes. ________ insulin administered subcutaneously begins to
lower blood sugar in 30-60 minutes. The action peaks after 2-3 hours, and lasts up to 3-6 hours. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-regular
___________ increases risk of need for cesarean delivery and of perinatal complications -CORRECT
ANSWERS-Gestational Diabetes
___________ is required for water reabsorption in the kidney and is important in water balance.
_______________ makes the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts permeable to water. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); ADH
______________ is indicated to reduce the risk of vision loss in patients with proliferative retinopathy or
macular edema and in some cases of nonproliferative retinopathy. It destroys the ischemic areas of the
retina that produce growth factors that encourage neovascularization -CORRECT ANSWERS-Laser
photocoagulation therapy
_________________ complications are diseases of the large and medium-size blood vessels that occur
with greater frequency and with an earlier onset in people with diabetes.
______________________ diseases include cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular
disease. -CORRECT ANSWERS-Macrovascular
___________________ (released from the adrenal cortex) acts on the distal tubule to cause
reabsorption of Na+ and water. In exchange for Na+, potassium ions (K+) are excreted -CORRECT
ANSWERS-Aldosterone
___________________ is one of the first studies done to evaluate disorders of the urinary tract. Results
from this may indicate possible abnormalities, suggest the need for further studies, or provide evidence
of progression in a previously diagnosed disorder.
Use first morning void. Get labs within an hour. -CORRECT ANSWERS-urinalysis
___________________ NPH insulin begins lowering blood sugar after 2 hours, peaks at 4-10 hours, and
has effects that last up to about 10-16 hours. NPH insulin cannot not be given IV; ______ insulin is the
only preparation which can be given intravenously. -CORRECT ANSWERS-Intermediate-acting; regular
______________________ can affect nearly all body systems and lead to hypoglycemic unawareness,
bowel incontinence and diarrhea, and urinary retention. -CORRECT ANSWERS-Autonomic neuropathy
,______________________ complications result from thickening of the vessel membranes in the
capillaries and arterioles in response to conditions of chronic hyperglycemia. They are specific to
diabetes.
Although _________________ can be found throughout the body, the areas most noticeably affected
are the eyes (retinopathy), the kidneys (nephropathy), and the skin (dermopathy).
____________________ changes are present in some patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of
diagnosis. However, clinical manifestations usually do not appear until 10 to 20 years later. -CORRECT
ANSWERS-Microvascular; microangiopathy; microvascular
•Microvascular damage to retina
•Most common cause of new cases of adult blindness
•Nonproliferative: more common
•Proliferative: more severe -CORRECT ANSWERS-Diabetic retinopathy
1. A patient 1 day postoperative after abdominal surgery has incisional pain, 99.5° F temperature, slight
erythema at the incision margins, and 30 mL serosanguineous drainage in the Jackson-Pratt drain. Based
on this assessment, what conclusion would the nurse make?
a. The abdominal incision shows signs of an infection.
b. The patient is having a normal inflammatory response.
c. The abdominal incision shows signs of impending dehiscence.
d. The patient's physician must be notified about her condition. -CORRECT ANSWERS-b. The patient is
having a normal inflammatory response.
1. The nursing assistant asks you the difference between a wound that heals by primary or secondary
intention. You will reply that a wound heals by primary intention when the skin edges:
A. are approximated.
B. migrate across the incision.
C. appear slightly pink.
D. slightly overlap each other. -CORRECT ANSWERS-A. are approximated.
2. A postoperative patient arrives at an ambulatory care center and states, "I am not feeling good."
Upon assessment, you note an elevated temperature. An indication that the wound is infected would
be:
A. it has no odor.
B. a culture is negative.
C. the edges reveal the presence of fluid.
, D. it shows purulent drainage coming from the incision site. -CORRECT ANSWERS-D. it shows purulent
drainage coming from the incision site.
2. The nurse assessing a patient with a chronic leg wound finds local signs of erythema and the patient
complains of pain at the wound site. What would the nurse anticipate being ordered to assess the
patient's systemic response?
a. Serum protein analysis
b. WBC count and differential
c. Punch biopsy of center of wound
d. Culture and sensitivity of the wound -CORRECT ANSWERS-b. WBC count and differential
3. A surgical wound requires a Hydrogel dressing. The primary advantage of this type of dressing is that
it provides:
A. an absorbent surface to collect wound drainage.
B. decreased incidence of skin maceration.
C. potection from the external environment.
D. moisture needed for wound healing. -CORRECT ANSWERS-D. moisture needed for wound healing.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who has a pressure ulcer that is treated with debridement, irrigations,
and moist gauze dressings. How should the nurse anticipate healing to occur?
a. Tertiary intention
b. Secondary intention
c. Regeneration of cells
d. Remodeling of tissues -CORRECT ANSWERS-b. Secondary intention
5. A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is scheduled for amputation of his necrotic left great
toe. The patient's WBC count is 15.0 × 106/µL, and he has coolness of the lower extremities, weighs 75
lb more than his ideal body weight, and smokes two packs of cigarettes per day. Which priority nursing
diagnosis addresses the primary factor affecting the patient's ability to heal?
a. Imbalanced nutrition: obesity related to high-fat foods
b. Impaired tissue integrity related to decreased blood flow secondary to diabetes and smoking
c. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to narrowed blood vessels secondary to diabetes and
smoking
ANSWERS, A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS
__________ insulin is a short-acting insulin when administered IV has an onset/peak action of 10-30
minutes, and a duration of 30-60 minutes. ________ insulin administered subcutaneously begins to
lower blood sugar in 30-60 minutes. The action peaks after 2-3 hours, and lasts up to 3-6 hours. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-regular
___________ increases risk of need for cesarean delivery and of perinatal complications -CORRECT
ANSWERS-Gestational Diabetes
___________ is required for water reabsorption in the kidney and is important in water balance.
_______________ makes the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts permeable to water. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); ADH
______________ is indicated to reduce the risk of vision loss in patients with proliferative retinopathy or
macular edema and in some cases of nonproliferative retinopathy. It destroys the ischemic areas of the
retina that produce growth factors that encourage neovascularization -CORRECT ANSWERS-Laser
photocoagulation therapy
_________________ complications are diseases of the large and medium-size blood vessels that occur
with greater frequency and with an earlier onset in people with diabetes.
______________________ diseases include cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular
disease. -CORRECT ANSWERS-Macrovascular
___________________ (released from the adrenal cortex) acts on the distal tubule to cause
reabsorption of Na+ and water. In exchange for Na+, potassium ions (K+) are excreted -CORRECT
ANSWERS-Aldosterone
___________________ is one of the first studies done to evaluate disorders of the urinary tract. Results
from this may indicate possible abnormalities, suggest the need for further studies, or provide evidence
of progression in a previously diagnosed disorder.
Use first morning void. Get labs within an hour. -CORRECT ANSWERS-urinalysis
___________________ NPH insulin begins lowering blood sugar after 2 hours, peaks at 4-10 hours, and
has effects that last up to about 10-16 hours. NPH insulin cannot not be given IV; ______ insulin is the
only preparation which can be given intravenously. -CORRECT ANSWERS-Intermediate-acting; regular
______________________ can affect nearly all body systems and lead to hypoglycemic unawareness,
bowel incontinence and diarrhea, and urinary retention. -CORRECT ANSWERS-Autonomic neuropathy
,______________________ complications result from thickening of the vessel membranes in the
capillaries and arterioles in response to conditions of chronic hyperglycemia. They are specific to
diabetes.
Although _________________ can be found throughout the body, the areas most noticeably affected
are the eyes (retinopathy), the kidneys (nephropathy), and the skin (dermopathy).
____________________ changes are present in some patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of
diagnosis. However, clinical manifestations usually do not appear until 10 to 20 years later. -CORRECT
ANSWERS-Microvascular; microangiopathy; microvascular
•Microvascular damage to retina
•Most common cause of new cases of adult blindness
•Nonproliferative: more common
•Proliferative: more severe -CORRECT ANSWERS-Diabetic retinopathy
1. A patient 1 day postoperative after abdominal surgery has incisional pain, 99.5° F temperature, slight
erythema at the incision margins, and 30 mL serosanguineous drainage in the Jackson-Pratt drain. Based
on this assessment, what conclusion would the nurse make?
a. The abdominal incision shows signs of an infection.
b. The patient is having a normal inflammatory response.
c. The abdominal incision shows signs of impending dehiscence.
d. The patient's physician must be notified about her condition. -CORRECT ANSWERS-b. The patient is
having a normal inflammatory response.
1. The nursing assistant asks you the difference between a wound that heals by primary or secondary
intention. You will reply that a wound heals by primary intention when the skin edges:
A. are approximated.
B. migrate across the incision.
C. appear slightly pink.
D. slightly overlap each other. -CORRECT ANSWERS-A. are approximated.
2. A postoperative patient arrives at an ambulatory care center and states, "I am not feeling good."
Upon assessment, you note an elevated temperature. An indication that the wound is infected would
be:
A. it has no odor.
B. a culture is negative.
C. the edges reveal the presence of fluid.
, D. it shows purulent drainage coming from the incision site. -CORRECT ANSWERS-D. it shows purulent
drainage coming from the incision site.
2. The nurse assessing a patient with a chronic leg wound finds local signs of erythema and the patient
complains of pain at the wound site. What would the nurse anticipate being ordered to assess the
patient's systemic response?
a. Serum protein analysis
b. WBC count and differential
c. Punch biopsy of center of wound
d. Culture and sensitivity of the wound -CORRECT ANSWERS-b. WBC count and differential
3. A surgical wound requires a Hydrogel dressing. The primary advantage of this type of dressing is that
it provides:
A. an absorbent surface to collect wound drainage.
B. decreased incidence of skin maceration.
C. potection from the external environment.
D. moisture needed for wound healing. -CORRECT ANSWERS-D. moisture needed for wound healing.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who has a pressure ulcer that is treated with debridement, irrigations,
and moist gauze dressings. How should the nurse anticipate healing to occur?
a. Tertiary intention
b. Secondary intention
c. Regeneration of cells
d. Remodeling of tissues -CORRECT ANSWERS-b. Secondary intention
5. A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is scheduled for amputation of his necrotic left great
toe. The patient's WBC count is 15.0 × 106/µL, and he has coolness of the lower extremities, weighs 75
lb more than his ideal body weight, and smokes two packs of cigarettes per day. Which priority nursing
diagnosis addresses the primary factor affecting the patient's ability to heal?
a. Imbalanced nutrition: obesity related to high-fat foods
b. Impaired tissue integrity related to decreased blood flow secondary to diabetes and smoking
c. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to narrowed blood vessels secondary to diabetes and
smoking
