Psychology 4th edition by Schacter ch 1-4
1. the scientific study of the brain, mind and behavior: psychology
2. refers to perception, thought, memories, and feelings: mind
3. observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals: behavior
4. the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn-
: nativism
5. the view that all knowledge is acquired through experience: philosophical
empiricism
6. discredited theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging
from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions
of the brain: phrenology
7. sensory input from the environment: stimulus
8. the amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus: reaction time
9. a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind: consciousness
10. the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind: structuralism
11. the subjective observation of one's own experience: introspection
12. the study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environ-
ments: functionalism
13. Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it
survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on
to subsequent generations.: natural selection
14. a temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of
emotionally upsetting experiences: hysteria
15. the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but
influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions: unconscious
16. An approach that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental
processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behavior: psychoanalytic theory
17. A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material
into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.: Psy-
choanalysis
18. an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive
potential of human beings: humanistic psychology
19. an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the
scientific study of objectively observable behavior: behaviorism
20. an action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus: response
21. the consequences of a behavior determine whether it will be more or less
likely to occur again: reinforcement
22. errors of perception, memory, or judgement in which subjective experience
differs from objective reality: illusions
, Psychology 4th edition by Schacter ch 1-4
23. a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the
whole rather than the sum of the parts: Gestalt Psychology
24. the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought,
memory, and reasoning: cognitive psychology
25. an approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities
in the nervous system and other bodily processes: behavioral neuroscience
26. The field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive process-
es and brain activity.: cognitive neuroscience
27. a psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of the
adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection: -
evolutionary psychology
28. the study of the causes and consequences of sociality: social psychology
29. the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes
of their members: cultural psychology
30. the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation-
: empiricism
31. a procedure for finding truth by using empirical evidence: scientific method
32. a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon: theory
33. a falsifiable prediction made by a theory: hypothesis
34. a set of rules and techniques for observation: empirical method
35. a description of a property in concrete, measurable terms: operational def-
inition
36. anything that can detect the condition to which an operational definition
refers: instrument
37. the extent to which a concrete event defines a property: validity
38. the tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement when-
ever it is used to measure the same thing: reliability
39. an instrument's ability to detect small magnitudes of the property: power
40. those aspects of an observational setting that cause people to behave as
they think someone else wants or expects: demand characteristics
41. a technique for gathering scientific information by unobtrusively observ-
ing people in their natural environments: naturalistic observation
42. a technique whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer and the
person being observed: double-blind observation
43. a graphical representation of measurements arranged by the number of
times each measurement was made: frequency distribution
44. a mathematically defined distribution in which the frequency of measure-
ments is highest in the middle and decreases symmetrically in both direc-
tions: normal distribution
1. the scientific study of the brain, mind and behavior: psychology
2. refers to perception, thought, memories, and feelings: mind
3. observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals: behavior
4. the philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn-
: nativism
5. the view that all knowledge is acquired through experience: philosophical
empiricism
6. discredited theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging
from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions
of the brain: phrenology
7. sensory input from the environment: stimulus
8. the amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus: reaction time
9. a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind: consciousness
10. the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind: structuralism
11. the subjective observation of one's own experience: introspection
12. the study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environ-
ments: functionalism
13. Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it
survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on
to subsequent generations.: natural selection
14. a temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of
emotionally upsetting experiences: hysteria
15. the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but
influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions: unconscious
16. An approach that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental
processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behavior: psychoanalytic theory
17. A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material
into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.: Psy-
choanalysis
18. an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive
potential of human beings: humanistic psychology
19. an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the
scientific study of objectively observable behavior: behaviorism
20. an action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus: response
21. the consequences of a behavior determine whether it will be more or less
likely to occur again: reinforcement
22. errors of perception, memory, or judgement in which subjective experience
differs from objective reality: illusions
, Psychology 4th edition by Schacter ch 1-4
23. a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the
whole rather than the sum of the parts: Gestalt Psychology
24. the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought,
memory, and reasoning: cognitive psychology
25. an approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities
in the nervous system and other bodily processes: behavioral neuroscience
26. The field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive process-
es and brain activity.: cognitive neuroscience
27. a psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of the
adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection: -
evolutionary psychology
28. the study of the causes and consequences of sociality: social psychology
29. the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes
of their members: cultural psychology
30. the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation-
: empiricism
31. a procedure for finding truth by using empirical evidence: scientific method
32. a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon: theory
33. a falsifiable prediction made by a theory: hypothesis
34. a set of rules and techniques for observation: empirical method
35. a description of a property in concrete, measurable terms: operational def-
inition
36. anything that can detect the condition to which an operational definition
refers: instrument
37. the extent to which a concrete event defines a property: validity
38. the tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement when-
ever it is used to measure the same thing: reliability
39. an instrument's ability to detect small magnitudes of the property: power
40. those aspects of an observational setting that cause people to behave as
they think someone else wants or expects: demand characteristics
41. a technique for gathering scientific information by unobtrusively observ-
ing people in their natural environments: naturalistic observation
42. a technique whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer and the
person being observed: double-blind observation
43. a graphical representation of measurements arranged by the number of
times each measurement was made: frequency distribution
44. a mathematically defined distribution in which the frequency of measure-
ments is highest in the middle and decreases symmetrically in both direc-
tions: normal distribution
