NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
1. Vaccinations - give inactive agents instead of live agents
and - might not work as effectively
immunosuppres-
sion. 2 keypoints
2. live virus vaccine Virus:
types - measles
- mumps
- polio (oral)
- rubella
- varicella
- yellow fever
- herpes zoster
Bacteria:
- typhoid
3. inactive vaccine Virus:
virus - Hep A and B
- HPV
- influenza
- polio (subq)
- rabies
Bacteria:
- anthrax
- cholera
- diphteria
- Lyme
- meningococcus
- pertussis
- plague
- pneumococcus
- tetanus
4. Immunization all ages, all types (pregnant, diabetes, immunocompro-
recommenda- mised, etc)
tion influenza
5. Immunization - 1 dose Tdap
recommenda- - no varicella, zoster, MMR
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
tion pregnancy
and weakened
immune system
6. HIV and vaccina- Give inactive agents when CD4 count is greater than 200
tions cells/ mm3
7. health screening - BMI
18 - 45 years - BP (q2years)
- at age 20: fasting lipid profile: total cholesterol, LDL,
HDL, triglycerides (cardiac testing if LDL greater than 200
or HDL lower than 40)
- annual breast exam, females
- Pap-smear annually
8. health screening - blood glucose q3years
45 and up - 50 and up: colorectal screening (digital exam annually,
sigmoidscopy q5years, colonoscopy q10yrs)
- PSA with digital exam annually for males
- mammography q1 -2 yrs
- women 65 and up: screen for osteoporosis
9. top 5 leading 1. heart disease
causes of death 2. cancer
3. respiratory disease
4. stroke
5. accidents
10. Conjunctivitis; -Pink eyey
definition - Inflammation of conjuctiva (outer layer of eye)
11. Conjunctivitis: Chemical, bacterial, viral, allergic, herpetic. Adenovirus is
causes the most common cause, but bacteria (Haemophilus in-
fluenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) are also com-
mon causes in children.
12. Conjunctivitis: - redness
findings - itching
- discharge
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
- edema eyelid
- may find gonorrhea or chlamydia in eye discharge
13. Conjunctivitis: - cooling
management - rule out corneal abrasion
- bacteria: antibiotic solution (gentamicin, neomycin)
- chlamydia: oral tetracycline or erythromycin
- gonorrhea: single dose ceftriaxone
- herpes: refer to opthalmologist
14. Corneal abra- - disruption of cornea (clear covering of eye)
sion: definition, - foreign body/ trauma
cause, findings, - pain, redness, photophobia, decreased visual acuity
treatment - ab ointment: gentamicin, sulfacetamide, eye-patch, oph-
thalmologist
15. diabetic - ocular retinal disease due to DM
retinopathy: - DM, exac by smoking and HTN (macular edema)
definition, - flashing lights in vision, blurred vision, black spots, loss
cause, findings, of vision, sustained glucose greater than 130
treatment - Laser therapy for macular edema, smoking cessation,
glucose control, BP control
16. retinal detach- - separation of retina and choroid
ment: definition, - trauma, intraocular mass, iris inflammation, cataract
cause, findings, surgery, DM, sickle cell
treatment - painless vision changes, blurred vision, light flashes,
"curtain" over visual field, bullous elevation without tears
- ophthalmologist for cryotherapy, laser therapy, vitrecto-
my. If from trauma: eye patch
17. Central & Branch - abrupt blockage of retinal artery causing sudden vision
Retinal Artery loss> will become permanent without intervention
Occlusion: defin- - thrombosis/ embolism, arteritis (migraine, older age,
ition, cause, find- afib, DM, HTN, coagulopathies)
ings, treatment - sudden, painless vision loss, sluggish pupil, cherry-red
spot at fovea
- EMERGENCY. Put pressure on eyelid, heparin, immedi-
ate consult opthalmolohgist. check coagulopathies, check
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
labs for artherosclerotic disease, blood cultures (endo-
carditis?),
18. Glaucoma: defin- - progressive visual loss, first peripherally then centrally:
ition, cause, find- chronic open angle or actute closed angle. Optic neuropa-
ings, treatment thy.
- open: too much intraocular fluid production without re-
moval. Secondary from trauma, tumor, or cataracts. Caus-
es: age, steroids, trauma, family history
- Photophobia, visual blurring, unilateral headache. In-
creased intraocular pressure.Acute closed: eye pain and
visual disturbance with N/V.
- Acute: Emergency. immediate medication and surgery.
Chronic: consult opthalmologist and monitor. Bimatro-
post, and beta-blockers. Laser-therapy
19. Bell's Palsy: de- - sudden self-limited unilateral facial paralysis
finition, cause, - Idiopathic. Cranial nerve VII (7), sometimes viral cause
findings, treat- (herpes), HTN, DM, Lyme's
ment - Unilateral paralysis of face (can't close eye, upper and
lower face involved), herpetic lesions, taste disturbances
- artificial tears, steroids (to treat CN 7 inflammation),
antivirals
20. otitis externa: de- - inflammation of the outer ear (swimmers ear)
finition, cause, - water, fungi, bacterial, trauma, viral
findings, treat- - pain with fullnes of ear, itching, edema, otorrhea
ment - suction of debris, ab and steroid solution in ear, oral ab's
(based on bld culture)
21. otitis media: de- - inflammation of middle ear
finition, cause, - congestion in eustachian tube, respiratory bacteria, neo-
findings, treat- plasm
ment - pain, hearing loss, vertigo, nausea, pulsatile otorrhea,
red and bulging tympanic membrane, hole in tympanic
membrane with rupture
- ab's (amoxi - 10 days), analgesic for pain, ENT for
recurrent
22.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
1. Vaccinations - give inactive agents instead of live agents
and - might not work as effectively
immunosuppres-
sion. 2 keypoints
2. live virus vaccine Virus:
types - measles
- mumps
- polio (oral)
- rubella
- varicella
- yellow fever
- herpes zoster
Bacteria:
- typhoid
3. inactive vaccine Virus:
virus - Hep A and B
- HPV
- influenza
- polio (subq)
- rabies
Bacteria:
- anthrax
- cholera
- diphteria
- Lyme
- meningococcus
- pertussis
- plague
- pneumococcus
- tetanus
4. Immunization all ages, all types (pregnant, diabetes, immunocompro-
recommenda- mised, etc)
tion influenza
5. Immunization - 1 dose Tdap
recommenda- - no varicella, zoster, MMR
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
tion pregnancy
and weakened
immune system
6. HIV and vaccina- Give inactive agents when CD4 count is greater than 200
tions cells/ mm3
7. health screening - BMI
18 - 45 years - BP (q2years)
- at age 20: fasting lipid profile: total cholesterol, LDL,
HDL, triglycerides (cardiac testing if LDL greater than 200
or HDL lower than 40)
- annual breast exam, females
- Pap-smear annually
8. health screening - blood glucose q3years
45 and up - 50 and up: colorectal screening (digital exam annually,
sigmoidscopy q5years, colonoscopy q10yrs)
- PSA with digital exam annually for males
- mammography q1 -2 yrs
- women 65 and up: screen for osteoporosis
9. top 5 leading 1. heart disease
causes of death 2. cancer
3. respiratory disease
4. stroke
5. accidents
10. Conjunctivitis; -Pink eyey
definition - Inflammation of conjuctiva (outer layer of eye)
11. Conjunctivitis: Chemical, bacterial, viral, allergic, herpetic. Adenovirus is
causes the most common cause, but bacteria (Haemophilus in-
fluenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) are also com-
mon causes in children.
12. Conjunctivitis: - redness
findings - itching
- discharge
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
- edema eyelid
- may find gonorrhea or chlamydia in eye discharge
13. Conjunctivitis: - cooling
management - rule out corneal abrasion
- bacteria: antibiotic solution (gentamicin, neomycin)
- chlamydia: oral tetracycline or erythromycin
- gonorrhea: single dose ceftriaxone
- herpes: refer to opthalmologist
14. Corneal abra- - disruption of cornea (clear covering of eye)
sion: definition, - foreign body/ trauma
cause, findings, - pain, redness, photophobia, decreased visual acuity
treatment - ab ointment: gentamicin, sulfacetamide, eye-patch, oph-
thalmologist
15. diabetic - ocular retinal disease due to DM
retinopathy: - DM, exac by smoking and HTN (macular edema)
definition, - flashing lights in vision, blurred vision, black spots, loss
cause, findings, of vision, sustained glucose greater than 130
treatment - Laser therapy for macular edema, smoking cessation,
glucose control, BP control
16. retinal detach- - separation of retina and choroid
ment: definition, - trauma, intraocular mass, iris inflammation, cataract
cause, findings, surgery, DM, sickle cell
treatment - painless vision changes, blurred vision, light flashes,
"curtain" over visual field, bullous elevation without tears
- ophthalmologist for cryotherapy, laser therapy, vitrecto-
my. If from trauma: eye patch
17. Central & Branch - abrupt blockage of retinal artery causing sudden vision
Retinal Artery loss> will become permanent without intervention
Occlusion: defin- - thrombosis/ embolism, arteritis (migraine, older age,
ition, cause, find- afib, DM, HTN, coagulopathies)
ings, treatment - sudden, painless vision loss, sluggish pupil, cherry-red
spot at fovea
- EMERGENCY. Put pressure on eyelid, heparin, immedi-
ate consult opthalmolohgist. check coagulopathies, check
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
labs for artherosclerotic disease, blood cultures (endo-
carditis?),
18. Glaucoma: defin- - progressive visual loss, first peripherally then centrally:
ition, cause, find- chronic open angle or actute closed angle. Optic neuropa-
ings, treatment thy.
- open: too much intraocular fluid production without re-
moval. Secondary from trauma, tumor, or cataracts. Caus-
es: age, steroids, trauma, family history
- Photophobia, visual blurring, unilateral headache. In-
creased intraocular pressure.Acute closed: eye pain and
visual disturbance with N/V.
- Acute: Emergency. immediate medication and surgery.
Chronic: consult opthalmologist and monitor. Bimatro-
post, and beta-blockers. Laser-therapy
19. Bell's Palsy: de- - sudden self-limited unilateral facial paralysis
finition, cause, - Idiopathic. Cranial nerve VII (7), sometimes viral cause
findings, treat- (herpes), HTN, DM, Lyme's
ment - Unilateral paralysis of face (can't close eye, upper and
lower face involved), herpetic lesions, taste disturbances
- artificial tears, steroids (to treat CN 7 inflammation),
antivirals
20. otitis externa: de- - inflammation of the outer ear (swimmers ear)
finition, cause, - water, fungi, bacterial, trauma, viral
findings, treat- - pain with fullnes of ear, itching, edema, otorrhea
ment - suction of debris, ab and steroid solution in ear, oral ab's
(based on bld culture)
21. otitis media: de- - inflammation of middle ear
finition, cause, - congestion in eustachian tube, respiratory bacteria, neo-
findings, treat- plasm
ment - pain, hearing loss, vertigo, nausea, pulsatile otorrhea,
red and bulging tympanic membrane, hole in tympanic
membrane with rupture
- ab's (amoxi - 10 days), analgesic for pain, ENT for
recurrent
22.
