TATTOO MEDICAL ISSUES JB3 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are some symptoms of Hepatitis? - ANSWER-mild fever, headache, fatigue, loss
of appetite, abdominal and gastric discomfort and later jaundice, liver enlargement, clay-
colored stools, and tea-colored urine.
Depending on the type and cause, can hepatitis be recovered from? - ANSWER-Yes,
hepatitis may be mild and brief. The liver is able to regenerate its tissue.
How is Hepatitis A virus transmitted? - ANSWER-Fecal-Oral route
Where is Hep A commonly found? - ANSWER-In contaminated Food and Water (most
commonly shellfish)
HBV or Hepatitis B is a serious threat to those working in health care. True or False -
ANSWER-True
While direct needle stick is the most efficient mode of transmission, indirect transfer can
also occur by means of environmental surfaces. True or False - ANSWER-True --you
can contract HBV from a contaminated clip cord or counter top.
Many people infected with HBV show no symptoms. How many with HBV have a 'Silent
Disease' - ANSWER-About 1/3 of the infected
HCV infections are most commonly transmitted how? - ANSWER-By injecting drugs,
persons with occupational exposure to blood, mother to child-transmission during birth
and hemodialasys patients. Sexual transmission has also been documented.
HBV spread is much less likely than HBV or AIDS - ANSWER-True
HCV is a generally mild condition but it more likely than HBV to lead to chronic liver
disease. True or False - ANSWER-True
Is there a vaccine for HCV? - ANSWER-Currently there are no Vaccines for HCV
HDV infections only occur in those who are HBV or HBA positive and who are either n
the acute or chronic phase of HBV infection. Why is that? - ANSWER-HDV is an
incomplete RNA virus that requires helper functions of HBV for its replication and
transmission.
HDV is a potentially severe disease and most cases occur among people who are
frequently exposed to blood. - ANSWER-Small scale epidemics have occurred among
drug users who share contaminated needles.
, HEV causes acute infections is commonly referred to as? - ANSWER-eccentrically
transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis
HEV infection does not lead to chronic hepatitis nor has a carrier state been described.
How is it transmitted. - ANSWER-HEV is transmitted by the fecal oral route by the same
modes that been described for HAV
What is usually the source of transmission of HEV? - ANSWER-Contaminated drinking
water
What is HYPERPIGMENTATION? - ANSWER-is the darkening of an area of skin or
nails caused by increased melanin
What are the 4 basic chromophores in human skin? - ANSWER-Melanin (brown or
Blue) Carotene (Yellow0 Oxygenated hemoglobin (red) Deoxygenated hemoglobin
(blue)
Skin can respond with hyperpigmentation after being tattooed for what reason? -
ANSWER-Damage to the skin causes pigment cells to increase melanin production in
the epidermis.
Describe Osha's Exposure control plan - ANSWER-1. Use work practice controls to
eliminate or minimize employee exposure to blood borne pathogens.
2. Ensure the facility is maintained in a clean sanitary condition.
3. Establish HBV vaccination program
4. Establish a post-exposure evaluation
5. Use specified bio hazard warning labels
Set up an information and training program
What are UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS - ANSWER-This basically means treating all
human blood or body fluids as if they were infected with AIDS, Hepatitis or other
bloodborne pathogens.
UP* 1. As soon as possible after use, contaminated needles must be placed in a sharps
container. These containers must be puncture-proof, leak-proof, red in color or laeled
with the appropriate biohazard label. - ANSWER-As soon as possible, place needle in
sharps container.
UP* 2. Specimens of blood or other potentially infectious materials must be placed in
containers which prevent leakage. - ANSWER-Dispose of any paper towels or plastic
wraps in a sturdy plastic bag.
UP* 3. Provide handwashing facilities which are readily accessible. If handwashing
facilities are not available, provide antiseptic hand cleanser or towelettes until
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are some symptoms of Hepatitis? - ANSWER-mild fever, headache, fatigue, loss
of appetite, abdominal and gastric discomfort and later jaundice, liver enlargement, clay-
colored stools, and tea-colored urine.
Depending on the type and cause, can hepatitis be recovered from? - ANSWER-Yes,
hepatitis may be mild and brief. The liver is able to regenerate its tissue.
How is Hepatitis A virus transmitted? - ANSWER-Fecal-Oral route
Where is Hep A commonly found? - ANSWER-In contaminated Food and Water (most
commonly shellfish)
HBV or Hepatitis B is a serious threat to those working in health care. True or False -
ANSWER-True
While direct needle stick is the most efficient mode of transmission, indirect transfer can
also occur by means of environmental surfaces. True or False - ANSWER-True --you
can contract HBV from a contaminated clip cord or counter top.
Many people infected with HBV show no symptoms. How many with HBV have a 'Silent
Disease' - ANSWER-About 1/3 of the infected
HCV infections are most commonly transmitted how? - ANSWER-By injecting drugs,
persons with occupational exposure to blood, mother to child-transmission during birth
and hemodialasys patients. Sexual transmission has also been documented.
HBV spread is much less likely than HBV or AIDS - ANSWER-True
HCV is a generally mild condition but it more likely than HBV to lead to chronic liver
disease. True or False - ANSWER-True
Is there a vaccine for HCV? - ANSWER-Currently there are no Vaccines for HCV
HDV infections only occur in those who are HBV or HBA positive and who are either n
the acute or chronic phase of HBV infection. Why is that? - ANSWER-HDV is an
incomplete RNA virus that requires helper functions of HBV for its replication and
transmission.
HDV is a potentially severe disease and most cases occur among people who are
frequently exposed to blood. - ANSWER-Small scale epidemics have occurred among
drug users who share contaminated needles.
, HEV causes acute infections is commonly referred to as? - ANSWER-eccentrically
transmitted non-A non-B hepatitis
HEV infection does not lead to chronic hepatitis nor has a carrier state been described.
How is it transmitted. - ANSWER-HEV is transmitted by the fecal oral route by the same
modes that been described for HAV
What is usually the source of transmission of HEV? - ANSWER-Contaminated drinking
water
What is HYPERPIGMENTATION? - ANSWER-is the darkening of an area of skin or
nails caused by increased melanin
What are the 4 basic chromophores in human skin? - ANSWER-Melanin (brown or
Blue) Carotene (Yellow0 Oxygenated hemoglobin (red) Deoxygenated hemoglobin
(blue)
Skin can respond with hyperpigmentation after being tattooed for what reason? -
ANSWER-Damage to the skin causes pigment cells to increase melanin production in
the epidermis.
Describe Osha's Exposure control plan - ANSWER-1. Use work practice controls to
eliminate or minimize employee exposure to blood borne pathogens.
2. Ensure the facility is maintained in a clean sanitary condition.
3. Establish HBV vaccination program
4. Establish a post-exposure evaluation
5. Use specified bio hazard warning labels
Set up an information and training program
What are UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS - ANSWER-This basically means treating all
human blood or body fluids as if they were infected with AIDS, Hepatitis or other
bloodborne pathogens.
UP* 1. As soon as possible after use, contaminated needles must be placed in a sharps
container. These containers must be puncture-proof, leak-proof, red in color or laeled
with the appropriate biohazard label. - ANSWER-As soon as possible, place needle in
sharps container.
UP* 2. Specimens of blood or other potentially infectious materials must be placed in
containers which prevent leakage. - ANSWER-Dispose of any paper towels or plastic
wraps in a sturdy plastic bag.
UP* 3. Provide handwashing facilities which are readily accessible. If handwashing
facilities are not available, provide antiseptic hand cleanser or towelettes until
