MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING IN CANADA 4TH EDITION
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia.
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Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
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a. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells b. Function of the liver in formation of
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glycogen and gluconeogenesis c. Impact of the client's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes d.
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Symptoms indicating that the client should contact the health care provider ANS: D
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One of the tasks for clients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The client needs instruction
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on recognition of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
other information also may be included in client teaching, but is not as essential in the client's self-
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
management of the illness. q q q
Which of the following diseases has the highest proportion of chronic illness deaths in Canada?
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Cardiovascular disease( Cardiovascular diseases (37%) were responsible for the highest proportion q q q q q q q q q q q
of global deaths in 2012, followed by cancers (27%), chronic respiratory diseases (8%), and diabetes (4%).)
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The nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
q a. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
q q q q q q q q q q q
b. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
q q q q q q q q q q
c. Impact of the client's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
q q q q q q q q q q q q
d. Symptoms indicating that the client should contact the health care provider
q ANS: D One of the tasks
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for clients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The client needs instruction on recognition
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The other
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
information also may be included in client teaching, but is not as essential in the client's self-management of
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the illness. q
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
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a. Poverty
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q b. Social stability
q q q
c. Urban dwelling
q q q
,d. High school diploma ANS: A Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major
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impact on the development of chronic illness. Social stability, urban living, and having a high school education
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are not factors contributing to the development of chronic illness.
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Which of the following is an example of Multimorbidity?
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a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a urinary tract infection
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b. Lung cancer and pneumonia
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q c. Chronic kidney disease and appendicitis
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d. Diabetes and exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis
q q ANS: D Multimorbidity is the simultaneous q q q q q q q q q q q
occurrence of several chronic medical conditions, which may or may not be related to each other, in the same q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
person. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and appendicitis are all acute conditions.
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Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
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a. Cannot be changed
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q b. Requires intervention in order to change
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c. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
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d. Can be changed with client perseverance
q q ANS: A Nonmodifiable risk factors cannot be changed.
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Requiring intervention in order to change, altering, and changed with perseverance all indicate that change is
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possible.
Average life expectancy in Canada is 65 years. True or False? q q q q q q q q q q False
6. What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
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a. 60 years q q q
b. 70 years q q q
c. 80 years
q q q
d. 90 years q ANS: C 80 years The life expectancy in Canada is estimated to be 80 years, specifically in 2010,
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it was 78.5 years for males and 82.7 years for females.
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Which of the following types of cancers has a genetic predisposition to its occurrence?
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a. Lung q q
b. Breast q q
c. Cervixq q
d. Testicles q ANS: B BREAST Genetic testing can also show an inherited predisposition to several different q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
types of cancer, including breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer.
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8. Which of the following models view disability as directly caused by disease or trauma?
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a. Social q q
, b. Nursing
q q
c. Medical
q q
d. Collaborative ANS: C Medical The medical model views disability as directly caused by disease, trauma, or
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another health condition. Disability, from the medical model perspective, necessitates medical care
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provided in the form of individual treatment by providers to "correct" the problem with the individual. The
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social model of disability, conversely, sees disability as a socially created problem and not an inherent
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attribute of an individual. q q q
9. Which of the following client statements reflect an outcome expectancy statement?
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a. "I am not able to exercise."
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b. "Exercise helps people lose weight."
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c. "Exercise is too hard on my arthritis."
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d. "Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight." ANS: letter B An outcome expectancy is
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the individual's belief that a specific behaviour will lead to certain outcomes. For example, the client who tells
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the nurse that exercising helps people to lose weight is voicing an outcome expectancy
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
10. What is the most influential source of self-efficacy?
q q q q q q q q q
a. Mastery
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b. Affective states
q q q
c. Verbal persuasion
q q q
d. Vicarious experience ANS: A Mastery Four primary influences shape an individual's self-efficacy beliefs:
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mastery; vicarious experience; verbal persuasion and other social influences; and physiological and affective
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
states that help us judge our capability and our vulnerability to dysfunction. Mastery reflects a belief about
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
whether or not "we have what it takes to succeed" and is considered the most influential source of self-
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
efficacy.
11. Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as "challenge"? a. Confidence
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to appraise a health stressor
q q q q q
b. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
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c. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
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d. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
q ANS: C Challenge is the anticipation of change. The
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
person with health-related hardiness, when confronted with a health stressor, possesses sufficient self-
q q q q q q q q q q q q
mastery and confidence to appraise and modify responses appropriately (control) and cognitively
q q q q q q q q q q q q
reappraises the health stressor so it is viewed as stimulating and beneficial or an opportunity for growth
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
(challenge).
12. Which of the following characteristics is true related to chronic illness? a. Abrupt onset b. Usually single
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
cause c. Short latency period d. Noninfectious origin
q q ANS: D Chronic (or noncommunicable) illnesses q q q q q q q q q q q
are typically characterized as having an uncertain etiology, multiple risk factors, long latency, prolonged
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EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells b. Function of the liver in formation of
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
glycogen and gluconeogenesis c. Impact of the client's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes d.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
Symptoms indicating that the client should contact the health care provider ANS: D
q q q q q q q q q q q
One of the tasks for clients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The client needs instruction
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
on recognition of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
other information also may be included in client teaching, but is not as essential in the client's self-
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
management of the illness. q q q
Which of the following diseases has the highest proportion of chronic illness deaths in Canada?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
Cardiovascular disease( Cardiovascular diseases (37%) were responsible for the highest proportion q q q q q q q q q q q
of global deaths in 2012, followed by cancers (27%), chronic respiratory diseases (8%), and diabetes (4%).)
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
The nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes who has been hospitalized with severe hyperglycemia.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
Which of the following topics will be most important to include in discharge teaching?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
q a. Effect of endogenous insulin on transportation of glucose into cells
q q q q q q q q q q q
b. Function of the liver in formation of glycogen and gluconeogenesis
q q q q q q q q q q
c. Impact of the client's family history on likelihood of developing diabetes
q q q q q q q q q q q q
d. Symptoms indicating that the client should contact the health care provider
q ANS: D One of the tasks
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
for clients with chronic illnesses is to prevent and manage a crisis. The client needs instruction on recognition
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
of symptoms of hyperglycemia and appropriate actions to take if these symptoms occur. The other
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
information also may be included in client teaching, but is not as essential in the client's self-management of
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the illness. q
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. Poverty
q
q b. Social stability
q q q
c. Urban dwelling
q q q
,d. High school diploma ANS: A Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage are recognized to have a major
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
impact on the development of chronic illness. Social stability, urban living, and having a high school education
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
are not factors contributing to the development of chronic illness.
q q q q q q q q q
Which of the following is an example of Multimorbidity?
q q q q q q q q q
a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a urinary tract infection
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Lung cancer and pneumonia
q q q q
q c. Chronic kidney disease and appendicitis
q q q q q
d. Diabetes and exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis
q q ANS: D Multimorbidity is the simultaneous q q q q q q q q q q q
occurrence of several chronic medical conditions, which may or may not be related to each other, in the same q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
person. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and appendicitis are all acute conditions.
q q q q q q q q q q
Which of the following statements is true related to nonmodifiable risk factors for chronic illness?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. Cannot be changed
q q q
q b. Requires intervention in order to change
q q q q q q q
c. Can be altered to benefit health outcomes
q q q q q q q q
d. Can be changed with client perseverance
q q ANS: A Nonmodifiable risk factors cannot be changed.
q q q q q q q q q q q q
Requiring intervention in order to change, altering, and changed with perseverance all indicate that change is
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
possible.
Average life expectancy in Canada is 65 years. True or False? q q q q q q q q q q False
6. What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
q q q q q q q q q
a. 60 years q q q
b. 70 years q q q
c. 80 years
q q q
d. 90 years q ANS: C 80 years The life expectancy in Canada is estimated to be 80 years, specifically in 2010,
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
it was 78.5 years for males and 82.7 years for females.
q q q q q q q q q q
Which of the following types of cancers has a genetic predisposition to its occurrence?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. Lung q q
b. Breast q q
c. Cervixq q
d. Testicles q ANS: B BREAST Genetic testing can also show an inherited predisposition to several different q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
types of cancer, including breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer.
q q q q q q q q q q q
8. Which of the following models view disability as directly caused by disease or trauma?
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. Social q q
, b. Nursing
q q
c. Medical
q q
d. Collaborative ANS: C Medical The medical model views disability as directly caused by disease, trauma, or
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
another health condition. Disability, from the medical model perspective, necessitates medical care
q q q q q q q q q q q q
provided in the form of individual treatment by providers to "correct" the problem with the individual. The
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
social model of disability, conversely, sees disability as a socially created problem and not an inherent
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
attribute of an individual. q q q
9. Which of the following client statements reflect an outcome expectancy statement?
q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. "I am not able to exercise."
q q q q q q q
b. "Exercise helps people lose weight."
q q q q q q
c. "Exercise is too hard on my arthritis."
q q q q q q q q
d. "Dietary restrictions work better than exercise to lose weight." ANS: letter B An outcome expectancy is
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the individual's belief that a specific behaviour will lead to certain outcomes. For example, the client who tells
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the nurse that exercising helps people to lose weight is voicing an outcome expectancy
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
10. What is the most influential source of self-efficacy?
q q q q q q q q q
a. Mastery
q q
b. Affective states
q q q
c. Verbal persuasion
q q q
d. Vicarious experience ANS: A Mastery Four primary influences shape an individual's self-efficacy beliefs:
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
mastery; vicarious experience; verbal persuasion and other social influences; and physiological and affective
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
states that help us judge our capability and our vulnerability to dysfunction. Mastery reflects a belief about
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
whether or not "we have what it takes to succeed" and is considered the most influential source of self-
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
efficacy.
11. Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as "challenge"? a. Confidence
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
to appraise a health stressor
q q q q q
b. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
q q q q q q q q
c. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
q q q q q q q q q q
d. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
q ANS: C Challenge is the anticipation of change. The
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
person with health-related hardiness, when confronted with a health stressor, possesses sufficient self-
q q q q q q q q q q q q
mastery and confidence to appraise and modify responses appropriately (control) and cognitively
q q q q q q q q q q q q
reappraises the health stressor so it is viewed as stimulating and beneficial or an opportunity for growth
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
(challenge).
12. Which of the following characteristics is true related to chronic illness? a. Abrupt onset b. Usually single
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
cause c. Short latency period d. Noninfectious origin
q q ANS: D Chronic (or noncommunicable) illnesses q q q q q q q q q q q
are typically characterized as having an uncertain etiology, multiple risk factors, long latency, prolonged
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
