Cog Sci Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
analytic introspection - CORRECT ANSWER - participants trained to describe
experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli. it required extensive training because
the subjects goal was to describe their experience in terms of elementary mental elements. ex:
wundt asked for them to describe a chord on piano they hear. he wanted them to be able to
distinguish that there were 5 notes
artificial intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - --"making a machine behave in ways that
would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving" (McCarty et al., 1955)
--Newell and Simon created the Logic Theorist program that could apply rudimentary logic to
creating mathematical theorems. aka this program, although primitive compared to modern AI
programs, was a real "thinking machine" because it did more than simply process numbers--it
used humanlike reasoning
behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER - --Eliminate the mind as topic of study
--Instead, study directly observable behavior
--its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. he said that Analytic introspection
was unobservable and no quantifiable. you can't observe thinking, emotions, and reasoning
choice reaction time - CORRECT ANSWER - --mental responses cannot be measured
directly but can be inferred from the participant's behavior
task:participant pushes one button if light is on right side, another if light is on the left side.
--he was measuring the relationship between presentation of the stimulus and the subjects
response. he did not measure mental response directly.
cognition - CORRECT ANSWER - Cognition refers to the mental processes, such as
perception, attention, and memory.
involves: perception, paying attention, remembering, distinguishing items in a category,
visualizing, understanding and production of language, problem solving reasoning and decision-
making. (which we are not aware of the process)
,cognitive psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - The branch of psychology concerned with
the scientific study of the mind. Cognition refers to the mental processes, such as perception,
attention, and memory, that are what the mind does. the mind creates and controls mental
functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and
reasoning.
cognitive revolution - CORRECT ANSWER - --Shift from behaviorist's stimulus-response
relationships to an approach that attempts to explain behavior in terms of the mind
--Information-processing approach
--A way to study the mind created from insights associated with the digital computer.
--compare computer processing to the human mind. the computer is a model the help us
understand how our mind works
information-processing - CORRECT ANSWER - --How much information can the mind
absorb?
--Attend to just some of the incoming information?
--Traces sequences of mental operations involved in cognition
--Operation of mind occurs in number of stages
--Basically understanding the mind through an information processing approach (computers).
one characteristics of computers was that they processed info in stages. information is first
received by an "input processor". then stored in a "memory unit" before it is processed by an
"arithmetic unit", when then creates the computers output. They used this approach
Simon and Newall - CORRECT ANSWER - --Newell and Simon created the Logic
Theorist program that could apply rudimentary logic to creating mathematical theorems.
Mind - CORRECT ANSWER - the _______ creates and controls mental functions such as
perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning. the
_______ is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to
achieve our goals. this reflects the minds importance for functioning and survival.
, reaction time - CORRECT ANSWER - --Measures interval between stimulus presentation
and person's response to stimulus.
--Simple RT task: participant pushes a button quickly after a light appears
--Choice RT task: participant pushes one button if light is on right side, another if light is on the
left side
savings curve - CORRECT ANSWER - --shows savings as a function of retention interval
--He is quantifying what is not directly observable
--shows that memory drops rapidly for the first 2 days after the initial learning and then levels
off. demonstrated that memory could be quantified and that functions like the savings curve
could be used to . a property of the mind--in the case, the ability to retain information.
simple reaction time - CORRECT ANSWER - participant pushes a button quickly after a
light appears. not much decision making. presenting the stimulus (the light) causes a mental
response (perceiving the light), which leads to a behavioral response (pushing the button). the
reaction time (dashing line) is the time between the presentation of the stimulus and the
behavioral response.
structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER - experience is determined by combining basic
elements of experience called sensations. Wundt wanted to create a "periodic table of the mine,"
which would include all of the basic sensations involved in creating experience.
structural model - CORRECT ANSWER - representations of a physical structure (that
exists) ex: model airplane. Mimic the form or appearance of the object
william james - CORRECT ANSWER - --principle of psychology
--American psychologist, taught the first psychology course at Harvard
--Observations based on the functions of his own mind, not experiments
--Considered many topics in cognition
ebbinghaus - CORRECT ANSWER - --Read list of nonsense syllables aloud many times
to determine number of repetitions necessary to repeat list without errors
Questions and CORRECT Answers
analytic introspection - CORRECT ANSWER - participants trained to describe
experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli. it required extensive training because
the subjects goal was to describe their experience in terms of elementary mental elements. ex:
wundt asked for them to describe a chord on piano they hear. he wanted them to be able to
distinguish that there were 5 notes
artificial intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - --"making a machine behave in ways that
would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving" (McCarty et al., 1955)
--Newell and Simon created the Logic Theorist program that could apply rudimentary logic to
creating mathematical theorems. aka this program, although primitive compared to modern AI
programs, was a real "thinking machine" because it did more than simply process numbers--it
used humanlike reasoning
behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER - --Eliminate the mind as topic of study
--Instead, study directly observable behavior
--its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. he said that Analytic introspection
was unobservable and no quantifiable. you can't observe thinking, emotions, and reasoning
choice reaction time - CORRECT ANSWER - --mental responses cannot be measured
directly but can be inferred from the participant's behavior
task:participant pushes one button if light is on right side, another if light is on the left side.
--he was measuring the relationship between presentation of the stimulus and the subjects
response. he did not measure mental response directly.
cognition - CORRECT ANSWER - Cognition refers to the mental processes, such as
perception, attention, and memory.
involves: perception, paying attention, remembering, distinguishing items in a category,
visualizing, understanding and production of language, problem solving reasoning and decision-
making. (which we are not aware of the process)
,cognitive psychology - CORRECT ANSWER - The branch of psychology concerned with
the scientific study of the mind. Cognition refers to the mental processes, such as perception,
attention, and memory, that are what the mind does. the mind creates and controls mental
functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and
reasoning.
cognitive revolution - CORRECT ANSWER - --Shift from behaviorist's stimulus-response
relationships to an approach that attempts to explain behavior in terms of the mind
--Information-processing approach
--A way to study the mind created from insights associated with the digital computer.
--compare computer processing to the human mind. the computer is a model the help us
understand how our mind works
information-processing - CORRECT ANSWER - --How much information can the mind
absorb?
--Attend to just some of the incoming information?
--Traces sequences of mental operations involved in cognition
--Operation of mind occurs in number of stages
--Basically understanding the mind through an information processing approach (computers).
one characteristics of computers was that they processed info in stages. information is first
received by an "input processor". then stored in a "memory unit" before it is processed by an
"arithmetic unit", when then creates the computers output. They used this approach
Simon and Newall - CORRECT ANSWER - --Newell and Simon created the Logic
Theorist program that could apply rudimentary logic to creating mathematical theorems.
Mind - CORRECT ANSWER - the _______ creates and controls mental functions such as
perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning. the
_______ is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to
achieve our goals. this reflects the minds importance for functioning and survival.
, reaction time - CORRECT ANSWER - --Measures interval between stimulus presentation
and person's response to stimulus.
--Simple RT task: participant pushes a button quickly after a light appears
--Choice RT task: participant pushes one button if light is on right side, another if light is on the
left side
savings curve - CORRECT ANSWER - --shows savings as a function of retention interval
--He is quantifying what is not directly observable
--shows that memory drops rapidly for the first 2 days after the initial learning and then levels
off. demonstrated that memory could be quantified and that functions like the savings curve
could be used to . a property of the mind--in the case, the ability to retain information.
simple reaction time - CORRECT ANSWER - participant pushes a button quickly after a
light appears. not much decision making. presenting the stimulus (the light) causes a mental
response (perceiving the light), which leads to a behavioral response (pushing the button). the
reaction time (dashing line) is the time between the presentation of the stimulus and the
behavioral response.
structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER - experience is determined by combining basic
elements of experience called sensations. Wundt wanted to create a "periodic table of the mine,"
which would include all of the basic sensations involved in creating experience.
structural model - CORRECT ANSWER - representations of a physical structure (that
exists) ex: model airplane. Mimic the form or appearance of the object
william james - CORRECT ANSWER - --principle of psychology
--American psychologist, taught the first psychology course at Harvard
--Observations based on the functions of his own mind, not experiments
--Considered many topics in cognition
ebbinghaus - CORRECT ANSWER - --Read list of nonsense syllables aloud many times
to determine number of repetitions necessary to repeat list without errors
